Innovation in stomatology

MODERN APPROACHES TO THE USE OF DENTAL IMPLANTS IN PROSTHETICS WITH NON-REMOVABLE ORTHOPEDIC CONSTRUCTIONS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2026-01-09T09:16:32+02:00

Purpose of the study. To systematize and critically analyze current approaches to the use of dental implants in fixed prosthodontic rehabilitation, considering clinical, biological, and technological aspects, as well as to evaluate long-term outcomes and complications based on recent scientific evidence from the last decade.Research methods. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases covering 2015-2025. Keywords included «dental implants»,” «fixed dental prostheses», «implant- supported prostheses», «All-on-4», «All-on-6», «CAD/ CAM», «zirconia implants», «peri-implantitis». In total, 41 relevant publications were reviewed, selected based on publication recency (≤10 years), high citation index, and presence in leading peer-reviewed dental journals.Scientific novelty. This study provides a multifactorial overview of the current literature on implant-supported fixed prostheses, emphasizing both clinical success and complication patterns. It was confirmed that long-term implant survival rates exceed 94-95 % in most studies.Special focus was given to digital workflows (CAD/CAM, intraoral scanning), which ensure greater clinical accuracy and reduced treatment time. The review also highlights the emerging use of zirconia implants and monolithic ceramic prostheses, demonstrating superior esthetics and biocompatibility, while long-term predictability remains under investigation. Risk factors for peri-implantitis were summarized, and the importance of preventive strategies and supportive therapy for maintaining implant longevity was substantiated. Conclusions. Dental implants in combination with fixed prosthodontic restorations demonstrate high long-term clinical predictability and functional success. Nevertheless, biological complications, particularly peri-implantitis, remain a significant challenge.The All-on-4 and All-on-6 treatment concepts have expanded rehabilitation options for edentulous patients, enabling predictable outcomes while reducing the need for invasive bone grafting. Digital technologies are redefining clinical standards by enhancing precision, shortening treatment times, and minimizing technical complications.

PRELIMINARY PSYCHODIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENTS FOR PREDICTING THE CAUSES OF ADAPTATION IMPAIRMENT TO REMOVABLE DENTAL PROSTHESES

2026-01-09T09:22:35+02:00

Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the psycho- emotional status of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and its relationship with adaptation to removable plate dental prostheses. Particular attention was paid to identifying changes in depression levels, trait and state anxiety, as well as alexithymia at different time points – during ordinary life, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the period of war. Materials and Methods. A total of 150 patients were examined and divided into two groups: Group I included 103 patients with impaired adaptation to removable plate prostheses due to local and systemic factors, while Group II consisted of 47 patients with impaired adaptation primarily related to psychological factors. Each group was further subdivided according to specific time periods: ordinary life, COVID- 19 pandemic, and war. Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory; trait and state anxiety were measured with the Spielberger–Hanin scale; alexithymia was evaluated using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Statistical analysis was conducted using one- way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare mean values between groups, followed by Tukey’s HSD post- hoc test to determine statistically significant differences.Data significance was confirmed at p<0.001. Results. A gradual increase in depression levels was observed from ordinary life to the COVID-19 pandemic and further to the war period. A similar trend was noted for trait and state anxiety. Alexithymia levels also increased over time, from ordinary life to the period of war. The statistically significant differences indicate a continuous cumulative stress impact on the patients’ psycho-emotional state.Conclusions. The findings demonstrate that the psycho-emotional status of patients with BMS significantly varies depending on exogenous stress factors. Elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and alexithymia during the pandemic and war underscore the importance of considering psycho-emotional parameters in clinical prosthodontic practice.This approach allows for the assessment of adaptation to removable plate prostheses and psycho-emotional state correction, thereby enhancing treatment effectiveness and improving adaptation prognosis to removable plate dentures.

CLINICAL EVALUATION OF LONG-TERM RESULTS OF PARTIAL CROWN RESTORATIONS WITH DIFFERENT MATERIALS IN PATIENTS WITH GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS

2026-01-09T09:26:23+02:00

Purpose of the study. To evaluate the direct composite and indirect zirconia partial crown restorations, and the periodontal status of abutment teeth in patients with generalized periodontitis compared to healthy persons at long-term follow-up. Research methods. 60 patients aged 21-45 years, equally men and women, who needed to replace partial crown caries decays, Black class II, located above or at the level of the gingival margin, were examined and treated. Group I (comparison) included 30 patients with clinically healthy periodontal tissues, group II – 30 patients with generalized periodontitis, I-II degrees, chronic course. In both groups, according to indications, partial crown defects of the contralateral teeth were restored with paired restorations: on the one hand – direct composite, on the other – indirect zirconium, manufactured using CAD/CAM technology. In 1 year, the restorations were evaluated according to the modified criteria of the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) and by means of index periodontal assessment for the abutment teeth. Scientific novelty. According to the USPHS criteria, 90.0% of composite restorations and 100% of zirconium restorations were successful in the group I. In the group II, 80.0% of composite restorations and 100% of zirconium restorations were successful.Complications for composite restorations arose due to disorders of the anatomical shape (10.0%) and marginal fit (20.0%). At the same time, among the causes of negative consequences of restorative treatment in people with healthy periodontium, wear of occlusal surfaces prevailed, and in patients with generalized periodontitis, marginal fit was impaired. Significant differences in dental plaque indices for the study groups I and II indicate that indirect zirconium restorations contribute to maintaining the hygiene of periodontal tissues of abutment teeth, unlike direct composite restorations. The presence of dental plaque provokes inflammatory phenomena in the gums, as indicated by the increase in the gingival index and the gingival sulcus bleeding index when using composite materials for patients in both study groups (P < 0.05).As a result, 1 year after restorative dental treatment, in individuals with healthy periodontium, they observed localized loss of gingival attachment and formation of periodontal pockets. In patients with generalized periodontitis, composite restorations, unlike zirconia restorations, cause a worsening of the course of the disease, as evidenced by the increase in all periodontal indices and the bone density index (BMD) from baseline values (P < 0.05). Conclusions. The condition of periodontal tissues affects the effectiveness of partial crown restorations, and in patients with generalized periodontitis, the success of restorative treatment is lower than in healthy persons. The results of the study confirmed the greater clinical effectiveness of indirect zirconium restorations compared to direct composite restorations according the quality criteria and periodontal status indicators in both healthy and patients with generalizedperiodontitis. In generalized periodontitis, giving preference to zirconium partial crown restorations allows preventing complications of the clinical course of the disease.

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF THE METHOD OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF THE BORDERS OF THE BASE OF A COMPLETE REMOVABLE LAMELLAR DENTURE USING SELF-HARDENING LAMINATE FOR THE BASES OF REMOVABLE DENTURES

2026-01-09T09:33:42+02:00

Objective of the study. Clinical substantiation of the method of three-dimensional modeling of the base boundaries of complete removable lamellar dentures using self-hardening base material acrylic-free plastic. Materials and methods. The study included 20 patients with edentulous upper and lower jaws of different types according to Schroeder and Keller and mucosal classes according to Suplee. At the preliminary examination, the condition of the prosthetic bed, the complete removable lamellar prostheses (CRLD), the shape of the occlusal surface and the articulation-occlusion relationship were assessed. с If necessary, they were corrected. In the absence of a positive result, patients were not included in the study group. If the quality of the CRLD was satisfactory, the prosthesis boundaries were corrected by the method of volumetric modeling using a self-hardening material acrylic-free plastic. The next day, after re-examination and correction, patients underwent electromyographic (EMG) functional chewing tests to assess chewing performance.Control examinations (clinical and EMG) were performed at 30 days, 3 and 6 months. Evaluation of the effectiveness included: analysis of the application of the acrylic-free plastic layer, tightness of fit and fixation of the prosthesis, condition of the mucous membrane (detection of hyperemia or erosion), and inspection of the structure (integrity, quality of connections, surface smoothness). For objective assessment, electromyography was used using the M-Test complex. Functional chewing tests were performed: before modeling; after correction; after 1, 3 and 6 months of prosthesis use. The effectiveness of the method was determined by the increase in the force of masticatory pressure (MP) in different areas of the prosthetic bed relative to the baseline values. Scientific novelty. In recent years, the number of patients with complete absence of teeth has been growing. The need for orthopedic treatment for people over 60 reaches 100%, and the prevalence of complete removable laminate dentures (CRLDs) in Ukraine is on average 57.5 patients (77.35 dentures) per 1000 people surveyed. The effectiveness of CRLDs is determined by their fixation and stabilization, but according to studies, 20-26% of patients refuse to use them, and 52% have problems with retaining the prosthesis.The key factor in stabilization is the correct formation of contact between the mucosa and the outer surface of the base. The masticatory and facial muscles change the relief of the prosthetic bed, so three-dimensional modeling of the outer surface and edges of the base is considered an effective way to improve stabilization. Existing methods involve functional impressions and the production of a new CRLD, but do not guarantee high-quality fixation. In case of unsatisfactory stabilization of the finished dentures, adhesive materials are used, but their effect is temporary.Conclusions. The application of the proposed method of volumetric modeling of the base boundaries provides reliable fixation of CRLD with unsatisfactory fixation, ensuring an increase in masticatory pressure from 12.09% immediately after correction of the CRLD boundaries to 22.44% after 6 months of use. In the process of adaptation after volumetric modeling of the CRLD base boundaries in the orthopedic treatment of patients with edentulous jaws, there is a redistribution of the increase in the chewing pressure between the working and balancing sides, its severity depends on the localization of edentulous jaws and the period of use of prostheses after the correction.

COMPARISON OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF OF A-SILICONE IMPRESSION MATERIALS

2026-01-09T09:39:10+02:00

The purpose of the study. To make a comparative assessment of the physical and chemical properties of the improved A-silicone impression material in comparison with its foreign analogues. Materials and methods of the study. Together with the accredited laboratory of dental materials of JSC “Stoma” in Kharkiv, Ukraine, the formulation of domestic A-silicone impression material of high and low viscosity was improved. A comparative assessment was made with the closest accredited analogues in Ukraine. For the study, 350 samples (15 samples of each material) were made to determine the physicochemical properties: microporosity, hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, thixotropy, linear shrinkage, in accordance with ISO 4823.The following materials were used in the study: improved domestic A-silicone materials “ASІMD” and “ASІMV” produced by Stoma, as well as A-silicone materials “ASІMG” (Germany) and “ASІMI” (Italy). Scientific novelty. A-silicone impression materials are important in modern dentistry due to their physicochemical properties, which ensure the accuracy of impressions of teeth and oral cavities required for the manufacture of dentures and crowns. However, there are problems associated with linear shrinkage, which can lead to deformations and affect the correspondence between the impression and the final product. The hydrophilicity of these materials is also important: hydrophobic materials may not adhere well to wet surfaces, leading to the formation of air bubbles.At the same time, hydrophilic materials may be less resistant to mechanical stress. Temperature and humidity affect viscosity, cure rate, and can cause hydrolysis.Understanding these properties allows dentists to choose the right materials for clinical cases. However, issues such as linear shrinkage and the influence of external factors require further research and technology development.Ensuring high accuracy of impressions is critical for successful patient treatment, and further study may lead to the development of new, more effective materials.Conclusions. All the studied high viscosity A-silicone impression materials (type I) meet the requirements of ISO. ASІMD material showed the best results: the lowest microporosity (0.346%), the lowest linear shrinkage (1.23%), and hydrophobicity (32.3%). The high thixotropy of ASІMD (24.68%) ensures mold stability. Among the type III materials, ASІMD demonstrated the best performance: the lowest microporosity (0.121%), linear shrinkage (1.19%) and hydrophobicity (32.3%). The high level of thixotropy (24.68%) makes this material the most stable, which emphasizes its advantage for precise and stable prints.

EXPERIENCE IN COMPREHENSIVE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH ORTHODONTIC PATHOLOGY

2025-12-18T14:13:30+02:00

This article highlights the features of comprehensive diagnostics and treatment of adult patients with orthodontic pathology associated with temporomandibular disorders. Purpose of the study: To present effective diagnostic and therapeutic measures aimed at identifying and restoring static and functional occlusion in patients with temporomandibular disorders on the background of orthodontic pathology with subsequent orthopedic reconstruction. Materials and methods. A comprehensive examination of 44 patients diagnosed with musculoskeletal dysfunctions on the background of orthodontic pathology was conducted, using the manufacture of control jaw models, orthopantomography, zonography, and ultrasonography, computer tomography та magnetic resonance tomography TMJ, functional investigation of TMJ, analysis of occlusal relationships in an individually configured articulator Artex CR (Amamm Girrbach. The diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders was established according to the classification Helkimo. For the diagnosis of orthodontic pathology the Angle classification was used. Splintline therapy, Clear Alginer Protocol were used in the treatment process. Statistical analysis was performed using Excel 2019 for Windows and the Statistica 6.0 program. Results: Based on the obtained data of clinical examination of patients with musculoskeletal dysfunctions on the background of orthodontic pathology, a preliminary diagnosis of TMJ was established according to Helkimo. This group of examined patients underwent comprehensive diagnostics of TMJ with subsequent planning of comprehensive treatment. To normalize muscle-joint relationships, treatment was started with one of the occlusal splint options, and then, when positive results were achieved, they moved on to splint line therapy or the use of hybrid orthodontic splints. Occlusal therapy was applied in 38 (86.4%) patients using, according to indications, different types of splints, and splintline therapy was applied in 27 (61.4%) patients. After completion of orthodontic treatment, patients underwent orthopedic reconstruction. Conclusions: The presence of temporomandibular disorders associated with orthodontic pathology in adult patients requires mandatory thorough examination with the use of modern diagnostic and treatment methods aimed at the simultaneous normalization of both the musculoskeletal complex and the treatment of orthodontic pathology.

ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN THE ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM – CATALASE IN THE ORAL FLUID OF CHILDREN WITH FLUOROSIS DURING COMPREHENSIVE ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT

2025-12-18T14:21:53+02:00

Endemic dental fluorosis is a common enamel mineralization disorder that increases tooth brittleness and complicates orthodontic care. Excessive freeradical generation in the oral cavity adversely affects periodontal tissues, whereas the enzyme catalase is pivotal for hydrogen-peroxide detoxification and overall antioxidant balance. Maintaining adequate antioxidant defense during orthodontic therapy is therefore critical for preventing complications in children with fluorosis. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of a specially designed therapeutic–preventive regimen on the dynamics of salivary catalase activity in children with endemic fluorosis throughout comprehensive orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods. Twenty-five children aged 6–7 years were examined. The study group (n = 13) received the therapeutic–preventive complex in addition to routine sanitation and professional oral hygiene, whereas the comparison group (n = 12) underwent standard preventive procedures only. Catalase activity was determined at baseline, immediately before bracket placement, and after 1, 6, and 12 months. A statistically significant difference between alternative quantitative features with a distribution corresponding to the normal law was evaluated using Student’s t-test. The difference was considered statistically significant at p<0.01. Research results. aseline catalase activity in both groups was significantly lower than reference values. After professional hygiene and regimen application, catalase activity increased by 55.5 % in the comparison group and by 66.7 % in the study group. One month later, the comparison group showed an additional 33.3 % rise, whereas the study group demonstrated a two-fold increase. At 6 and 12 months, catalase levels in the regimen group remained significantly elevated, while values in the comparison group returned toward baseline. Conclusions. Incorporating the therapeutic–preventive regimen into orthodontic treatment of children with endemic fluorosis yields a sustained elevation of salivary catalase activity, indicating enhanced local antioxidant defense and a potential reduction in oxidative–inflammatory complications during prolonged bracket therapy.

ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF THERAPEUTIC -PREVENTIVE MEASURES ON THE INDICATOR OF LIPID PEROXIDATION IN THE ORAL FLUID OF PATIENTS AFTER SURGICAL INTERVENTION TO REMOVE TUMOURS AND CHEMOTHERAPY

2026-01-09T09:03:24+02:00

Surgical excision of head-and-neck tumors combined with chemotherapy is accompanied by pronounced oxidative stress, manifested by elevated levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products–particularly malondialdehyde (MDH) – in saliva. Monitoring LPO is essential for preventing local and systemic complications. The purpose of the study evaluate the effect of a comprehensive therapeutic- preventive complex (TPC) on salivary MDH dynamics in patients after tumor removal and chemotherapy. Materials and methods. Thirty-five individuals aged 25–55 years were examined: 25 HNT patients (comparison group, n = 10; main group, n = 15) after surgical tumor removal followed by standard chemotherapy, and 10 apparentlyhealthy volunteers (reference group). The main group additionally received the TPC, which was readministered 6 months after treatment initiation. Salivary MDA concentration was determined biochemically at baseline and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Statistical processing was performed with STATISTICA 6.1 using Student’s t-test. Research results. At baseline, MDA levels in both patient groups exceeded reference values by 2.6–2.8-fold (p < 0.001). In the comparison group, MDA decreased by only 22.2 % after 12 months (p < 0.05). Additional TPC administration produced a stepwise, statistically significant reduction in MDA: 25.6 % at 1 month, 35.9 % at 3 months, 46.1 % at 6 months, and 51.3 % at 12 months (all p < 0.001). At long-term follow-up, MDA in the main group was 26.0–34.5 % lower than in the comparison group (p < 0.001). Conclusions. The comprehensive therapeutic-preventive measures markedly suppress lipid peroxidation in the saliva of oncology patients, supporting their use in postoperative rehabilitation to reduce the risk of inflammatory and destructive complications.

ASSESSMENT OF CERTAIN BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF BLOOD AND ORAL FLUID IN PATIENTS WITH ORAL CAVITY CANCER AFTER INTRA-ARTERIAL POLYCHEMOTHERAPY

2026-01-09T09:10:20+02:00

Radiation therapy remains one of the key methods for treating oral cavity cancer, used both as a standalone approach and as part of combined or complex treatment strategies. The application of modern high-tech radiation therapy techniques, particularly high-energy radiation sources and large irradiation fields, ensures high clinical effectiveness. However, it also significantly increases the risk of complications. Radiation exposure often exceeds the adaptive-compensatory capacity of the body, which leads to challenges in tumor monitoring, complicates the treatment process, worsens patients’ general condition, causes disability, and ultimately shortens life expectancy.Aim. To study changes in biochemical and general clinical parameters of blood and saliva in patients with oral cavity cancer after selective intra-arterial polychemotherapy, applied either alone or in combination with intra-arterial glucose solution infusion. Materials and Methods. The study involved 143 patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral floor mucosa of varying differentiation degrees (112 men and 31 women aged 45 to 69 years). General clinical blood and saliva tests were performed before the initiation of treatment and during 7–10 days of inpatient care. Patients were divided into groups depending on the treatment strategy chosen at the initial stage. Biochemical analysis of homeostasis parameters was conducted before and after the course of selective intra-arterial polychemotherapy ‒ in 15 patients of the first group (29.4 %) and 10 patients of the second group (41.6 %), where intra-arterial glucose infusion was additionally applied. Results. After the course of chemotherapy, an increase in the concentration of reduced nicotinamide coenzymes (NADH) and thiol groups (SH-groups) in saliva was observed. At the same time, a statistically significant decrease in the amide formof NAD and a reduction in the NAD/NADH ratio were recorded. These findings indicate a significant disruption of the redox balance in oral cavity tissues under the influence of chemotherapeutic treatment. The results emphasize the need to monitor biochemical markers during treatment and highlight the relevance of developing pharmacological strategies to protect orofacial tissues from chemotherapy-induced damage.Conclusion. The use of selective intra-arterial polychemotherapy, both independently and in combination with intra-arterial glucose infusion, leads to significant alterations in biochemical homeostasis indicators in the saliva of patients with oral cavity cancer. Specifically, increased levels of reduced nicotinamide coenzymes (NADH) and thiol groups were detected, along with a decrease in the amide form of NAD and a reduced NAD/NADH ratio.These markers reflect the development of oxidative stress and redox imbalance in orofacial tissues as a result of chemotherapy. The findings support the necessity of including biochemical marker monitoring in treatment protocols and justify the development and implementation of pharmacological protection methods for oral tissues to mitigate the toxic effects of anticancer therapy.

PECULIARITIES OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DENTAL PATHOLOGY AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2026-01-09T09:44:04+02:00

Resume. Dementia is a global medical and social challenge and one of the leading causes of disability and dependence in the elderly. It has a profound physical, psychological, and economic impact not only on patients themselves but also on their relatives, caregivers, and society as a whole. The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which accounts for 60–80% of cases and is characterized by a slow, irreversible progression that ultimately leads to death. The etiology of AD remains unclear, with multiple hypotheses proposed – the amyloid cascade, tau, neurotransmitter, mitochondrial, inflammatory, oxidative stress, neurovascular, and genetic hypotheses, as well as theories of glucose hypometabolism (“type 3 diabetes”), metal involvement, microbiome, and infectious origins. In recent years, researchers have increasingly focused on the possible relationship between AD and oral pathology. The discovery of periodontopathogens in the brains of AD patients has raised the possibility of an infectious contribution to the disease. This relationship is bidirectional: on theone hand, chronic periodontal inflammation can sustain systemic inflammation and promote neurodegeneration; on the other, cognitive decline in AD reduces motivation and the ability of patients to maintain oral hygiene, thereby worsening dental health. Thus, the severity of cognitive dysfunction directly correlates with oral health deterioration, while a unifying paradigm of inflammation links the course of AD with chronic oral diseases. Maintaining oral health and timely treatment of dental diseases in elderly patients may play an important role in slowing the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Preservation of a functional stomatognathic system helps sustain essential functions such as mastication, speech, and aesthetics, which directly affect the quality of life in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

CURRENT INSIGHTS INTO THE GENETIC DETERMINANTS OF TRAUMATIC COMPLICATIONS AND BONE-TISSUE REGENERATION

2026-01-09T10:05:50+02:00

Traumatic injuries of bone tissue in adults result from a multifactorial interaction of mechanical, inflammatory, and genetically determined factors. Imbalance within the RANKL / RANK / OPG axis, hyper-expression of the pro- inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and insufficient VEGF-mediated angiogenesis provoke pathological resorption, delayed remodelling, and the development of post-traumatic complications. Although anti-resorptive antibodies, selective oestrogen-receptor modulators, and tissue-engineering approaches are available, unified personalised protocols for prevention and treatment remain under-developed. The purpose of the study was to systematise contemporary clinical and experimental evidence concerning the role of genetic determinants (TNFSF11, TNFRSF11A/B, VEGFA, TNF, IL6) in the emergence of traumatic complications and in bone-tissue regeneration, with the aim of identifying effective and safe molecular therapeutic targets. Materials and methods. A targeted narrative review (2005–2025) was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar. Sixty-five sources met the inclusion criteria (fracture models, genetic association studies, clinical trials of anti-resorptive and pro-angiogenic agents; adult population ≥ 18 years). Study design, molecular interventions, and morphometric and clinical end-points (bone mineral density, incidence of delayed union, rate of defect closure) were assessed. Research results. In a rat model of osteoporotic fractures, raloxifene increased bone mineral density and OPG expression 1.4-fold while reducing RANKL and RANK levels 1.3-fold (P < 0.05), achieving complete radiological union after 4 weeks. In rabbits with mandibular bone defects, implantation of a PEK-BBC/VEGF composite promoted mature trabecular formation and elevated VEGF expression 2.8-fold versus controls (P < 0.01), with 75 % defect closure by week16. The TNFSF11*G/G and TNF-308A genotypes were associated with a two-fold higher risk of delayed union, whereas carriers of VEGFA-936C exhibited accelerated osteogenesis. TNF-α blockers (infliximab, adalimumab) reduced the rate of periprosthetic osteolysis by 28 % and the frequency of revision surgery in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Genetic stratification of patients according to TNFSF11, TNFRSF11A/B, VEGFA, TNF, and IL6 polymorphisms, combined with targeted anti-resorptive, anti-inflammatory, and pro-angiogenic therapy, minimises the risk of post-traumatic complications and optimises reparative osteogenesis.Further prospective randomised studies are required to standardise personalised protocols and to evaluate the long-term safety of multi-component approaches.

EFFECT OF LONG-TERM STRESS ON DENTAL HEALTH

2026-01-09T10:23:22+02:00

Nowadays, the approach to the diagnosis and treatment of dental diseases is undergoing changes, which are caused by new data proving the connection between systemic factors and the severity of local pathology. One of the factors contributing to the emergence and development of dental pathology is stress. Purpose of work. Perform analysis of scientific publications on the study of the relationship and impact of long-term stress on the state of the oral cavity.Materials and methods. An analysis of the publications of the databases Web of Science, SpringerOpen, Structure (NCBI), HINARI, PudMed, Scopus was carried out using a combination of keywords: «stress,» «hard tooth tissues,» «periodontitis,» «oral mucosa,» «oral mucosa,» «periodontitis,» «dental care.» Results of the study.Having analyzed the data of scientific research on the current state of psychosomatic health of the population of Ukraine in the realities of the present, it is obvious that the development, prevalence and intensity of dental diseases can have new negative features. Despite a significant amount of information on this problem, the role of stress in the genesis of dental diseases, especially in children, is not well understood. The development of treatment regimens and the use of dosage forms also remains relevant.Conclusions. The causes, prevention and treatment of dental diseases, especially in children experiencing severe psycho-emotional, and sometimes physical stress, require additional study, research and analysis. Thus, improving the prevention of dental diseases in children under stress, which is provoked by military aggression, is currently an extremely urgent issue.

CHEMICAL BURNS OF THE ORAL CAVITY

2026-01-09T10:29:35+02:00

Problem statement. Chemical burns are a fairly rare variant of damage to the oral cavity organs. However, due to the resorption of the poison, they to some extent require a toxicological approach to treatment, are accompanied by a significant deterioration in the quality of life and persistent disability. Purpose of the study. Based on a fairly limited number of available domestic and foreign literary sources, to highlight the main etiological, diagnostic and therapeutic features of chemical burns of the oral cavity.Materials and methods of the study. Obtaining scientific literary information was performed using the information search systems Scopus, CrossRef, Google Scholar and PubMed and supplemented by a manual search of the articles used by the terms: oral trauma, chemical burns.Results and their discussion. Oral chemical burns (OCB) occur as a result of the effect on the oral mucosa of acids, alkalis or certain drugs. Caustic substances are present in everyday life, industry and practical dentistry. OCB cause more serious tissue damage than thermal burns, continuing to destroy tissues even after contact with the aggressive substance has ceased. The severity of damage to the oral mucosa depends on many factors, including the pH and concentration of the substance, their amount,duration of exposure and mechanism of action. Chemical burns can occur in any part of the mouth, but the mucous membranes of the lips and cheeks are most often affected.Chemical burns persist until the penetrated chemicals are inactivated. Regardless of the severity of the burn, appropriate treatment should take into account factors such as analgesia, infection control and acceleration of wound healing to restore the orofacial complex in a functional and aesthetically justified way. Conclusions. Chemical burns of the oral cavity are currently poorly understood; in children, they are mostly caused by insufficient care by parents and caregivers; iatrogenic chemical burns are the result of medical error or negligence; a significant proportion of chemical burns of the oral cavity require treatment in a poison control center.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY IN TREATMENT OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS

2026-01-09T10:35:23+02:00

Introduction. Recent decades have been marked by the active implementation of high-tech methods in dental practice, fundamentally transforming approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders. Among the leading directions, particular attention is drawn to digital technologies, bioengineering approaches to tissue regeneration, and the use of bioactive agents. Aim of the study. To summarize current data from scientific literature on innovative technologies used in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders and to determine their clinical effectiveness, safety, and prospects for further development. Materials and methods. An analytical review of domestic and international scientific and medical sources dedicated to novel technologies for temporomandibular joint pathology treatment was carried out. Results. An important direction in temporomandibular joint disorder management is the use of bioactive agents: platelet-rich plasma injections promote the regeneration of cartilage and synovial tissues due to growth factors; mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes demonstrate significant regenerative potential. Physiotherapeutic methods, such as low-level laser therapy, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, have proven effective in pain reduction, decreasing muscle hypertonicity, and improving microcirculation. Occlusal therapy using individualized splints also plays a key role in comprehensive treatment.The implementation of CAD/CAM technologies and 3D printing has significantly increased the precision of appliance fabrication and patient comfort, which positively impacts clinical outcomes. Conclusions. Innovative technologies are shaping a new standard for the treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions.Their application not only alleviates symptoms and inflammatory manifestations but also restores functional joint activity, thereby significantly improving patients’ quality of life. Further research in this area will contribute to the standardization of techniques and the optimization of clinical protocols.

MODERN FIXED MECHANICALLY ACTING APPLIANCES FOR CORRECTION OF DISTAL BITE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVENESS

2026-01-09T10:40:07+02:00

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of fixed functional appliances (Herbst, Forsus FRD, Flex Developer) in correcting Class II malocclusion in adolescents, focusing on skeletal, dentoalveolar, and vertical changes, as well as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) effects, based on literature data, to develop clinical recommendations for appliance selection depending on patient characteristics.Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted for 2000–2025 using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Keywords included: “Class II malocclusion,” “fixed functional appliances,” “Herbst appliance,” “Forsus FRD,” “Flex Developer,” “TMJ.” Randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and clinical case studies evaluating skeletal, dentoalveolar changes, and TMJ effects were included. Cephalometric parameters (ANB, overjet, Co-Gn), CBCT/MRI data, and statistical metrics (t-test, ANOVA, p<0.05) were analyzed.Results: Herbst provides the greatest skeletal effect (+2.9 mm mandibular lengthening, ANB reduction by 4–5°), Forsus FRD excels in dentoalveolar correction (lower incisor proclination +7.5°), and Flex Developer offers a balanced effect (+2.4 mm). TMJ adaptive changes (condylar displacement 2–3 mm, glenoid fossa remodeling 0.3–1.0 mm) are physiological in 95% of cases.Conclusions: Appliance choice depends on skeletal age, malocclusion type, and aesthetic demands. Herbst is optimal for severe skeletal discrepancies, Forsus FRD for dentoalveolar correction, and Flex Developer for balanced therapy. TMJ diagnostics are essential before treatment.

DENTAL HEALTH IN ELDERLY WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS: CLINICAL COMPLAINTS, DMF INDEX, AND NON-CARIOUS LESIONS

2026-01-09T08:12:07+02:00

Purpose of the study. To assess the main dental complaints and index indicators of the condition of hard dental tissues in patients with cognitive impairments, as well as to determine the level of dental care and the prevalence of non- carious lesions. Research methods. A total of 27 patients with cognitive impairments were examined (mean age – 72.09±1.11 years). The analysis included oral complaints, caries indicators using the DMF index, DMF structure, number of preserved teeth, level of dental care according to Leus, and prevalence of non-carious lesions. Scientific novelty. The most common complaints were oral mucosa dryness (92.6 %), angular cheilitis (85.2 %), soreness (66.7 %), burning sensation (62.9%), and difficulties with removable dentures (48.2 %). Caries prevalence was 100 %, with a mean DMF index of 22.3±0.77, dominated by the “M” component (71.7 %), which was 1.7 times higher compared to individuals without cognitive impairments (p<0.05). The average number of preserved teeth was 6.32±0.8, nearly two times lower than the WHO recommendations for this age group. The level of dental care according to Leus was 17.1 %, corresponding to an insufficient level. Among non-carious lesions, pathological tooth wear (23.1 %), wedge-shaped defects (34.6 %), and enamel erosions (7.7 %) were recorded. Conclusions.Patients with cognitive impairments demonstrate a high prevalence of dental diseases and a low level of dental care. These findings confirm the need for specialized approaches to prevention and treatment, taking intoaccount patients’ cognitive status and the involvement of their caregivers.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TOOTHPASTES ON SELECTED BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF ORAL FLUID IN MIDDLE-AGED PATIENTS

2026-01-09T08:20:45+02:00

Purpose of the study was to evaluate biochemical changes in the oral fluid of middle-aged patients following the use of modern toothpastes. Research methods. A total of 61 volunteers aged 40–57 years were examined.Participants used different types of Lacalut toothpaste for one month, after which all groups were switched to Natusana Bio Calendula toothpaste. Examinations were performed at baseline, and after 1, 3, and 6 months. In the oral fluid of middle-aged patients, the degree of microbial contamination (by urease activity), the level of antimicrobial defense (by lysozyme activity), and the inflammatory status of oral tissues (by elastase activity) were assessed. Scientific novelty. It was established that all investigated toothpastes contributed to a significant reduction of urease activity (by 1.4–1.6 times, p < 0.01), which indicates a decrease in bacterial contamination of the oral cavity. The most pronounced and stable effect was observed with Lacalut “Extra sensitive”, which not only ensured more consistent suppression of urease activity over six months but also promoted significant biochemical changes in oral fluid. In particular, an increase in lysozyme activity (1.7-fold) was recorded, indicating enhanced antimicrobial protection, along with an almost twofold reduction in elastase activity, which reflects a decrease in inflammatory processes in oral tissues. Even after discontinuation of toothpaste use, protective indicators remained significantly higher than baseline values, highlighting the importance of regular and continuous application. Conclusions. Thus, the use of modern toothpastes, especially the Lacalut “Extra sensitive” formulation, is an effective means of preventing dental diseases in middle-aged patients. The results confirm the expediency of regular and long-term use of individually selected oral hygiene products.

THE IMPACT OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME ON THE LOCAL INFLAMMATORY PATTERN IN CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS

2026-01-09T08:27:39+02:00

Aim of the study. To investigate the impact of acute coronary syndrome in the early stage of the disease on the clinical course of chronic generalized periodontitis. Materials and methods of the study. There were 26 participants in total, aged 52±6.2 years. Group I included 22 patients with CHP, group II included 4 patients with CHP, who were invited to participate in the study within 1 month after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). For clinical assessment of the course of chronic generalized periodontitis, the following indices were used: periodontal pocket depth (PPD), gingival bleeding index (PBI), Hygiene Index (GI), Ramjorde index, Miller tooth mobility index, Inflammation Index (PMA). In addition, a comparison of periodontal indicators of 4 patients after ACS with data recorded in outpatient charts during the last visit to the ACS was conducted. The scientific novelty consists in conducting a clinical assessment of the impact of acute coronary syndrome on the course of chronic generalized periodontitis for the first time in Ukraine. The periodontal pocket depth (PPD) in the studied group I was within 3.69±1.0* mm; in the group II: “after” ACS in the range of 3.87±1.2¥ mm (p=0.75*), “before” ACS – 3.75±0.7 mm (p=0.85¥); the gingival bleeding index (GBI) in the group I was 1.88± 0.08*, in the group II “after” ACS – 2.2± 0.4¥ (p=0.52*), “before” ACS – 1.98±0.8 (p=0.64¥); hygiene index (GI) – 2.51±0.04* points, 2.79±0.1¥ (p=0.004*) and 2.61±0.08 (p=0.89¥), respectively; The value of the Ramjorde index in group I was 3.85±0.2*, in group II “after” ACS it was 4.07±0.9¥ points (p=0.72*), “before” ACS – 4.01±0.7 (p=0.24¥); points; the Miller tooth mobility index in patients in group I was 3.61±0.37* points, in patients in group II “after” ACS – 3.79±0.62¥ (p=0.67*) points, “before” ACS – 3.66±0.44 (p=0.24¥), respectively; The inflammation index (IMI) in group I was within 32.2±0.17*, “after” ACS – 40.1±0.35¥ (p=0.008*), “before” ACS – 34.3±0.47 (p=0.77¥) points. Conclusions.Acute heart failure does not significantly affect the clinical course of chronic generalized periodontitis. Studies of patients with chronic heart failure in the period up to 1 month after ACS showed no differences between the values of periodontal indices “before” and “after” ACS and periodontal indices of patients after ACS and patients who did not have ACS.

SUBCUTANEOUS EMPHYSEMA DURING ENDODONTIC TREATMENT: CAUSES, RISK FACTORS AND MANAGEMENT APPROACHES

2026-01-09T08:31:59+02:00

Purpose of the study. To systematize data on the main causes and mechanisms of subcutaneous emphysema development during or after dental procedures in general and endodontic manipulations particularly; to assess the significance of various risk factors associated with the development of subcutaneous emphysema during root canal treatment and the subsequent migration of infiltrated air volume into different interstitial spaces; to analyze management approaches for cases of subcutaneous emphysema during dental treatment and to outline the conditions that justify the need for patient hospitalization in the event of the occurrence and/or progression of this type of complication.Research methods. The main research methods used were a retrospective review of literature data and a content-analysis of selected publications related to the causes, risk factors, and approaches to the treatment/ management of cases with reported signs of subcutaneous emphysema during or after dental procedures in general and endodontic interventions in particular. To maximize the initial sample of scientific publications relevant to the aim of the study, the search was performed through the Google Scholar system using the advanced search options.Additional analysis of the initially selected scientific works was also carried out using the search capabilities of the Connected Papers service.Scientific novelty. The symptoms of subcutaneous emphysema that may develop during root canal treatment are typical and characteristic of other types of facial emphysema as well. They include crepitus on palpation, progressive swelling without significant changes in the color of the soft tissues, and tenderness/pain depending on the degree of tissue overstretching caused by the volume of air. According to previous laboratory studies, an apical foramen size equivalent to ISO size 25 or greater during root canal treatment increases the risk of emphysema development during prolonged exposure to air flow of certain speed and pressure. Management of cases of emphysema that develop during or after root canal treatment is mostly empirical and depends on the severity of the symptoms. The prescription of antibiotics is justified by the need to prevent infectious complications.Hospitalization of a patient with signs of air emphysema is indicated in cases of significant swelling in the head and neck area, migration of air volume with the development of dyspnea or dysphagia, or in cases of emphysema in patients with compromised general health status.Conclusions. The data aggregated and analyzed in this literature review showed that the proportion of cases of subcutaneous emphysema occurring specifically during endodontic interventions among all reported cases of emphysema arising during or after dental treatment is low and does not exceed 10%. At the same time, cases of subcutaneous emphysema that occur specifically during endodontic procedures are characterized by certain features that distinguish them from the general characteristics of emphysema development during other dental treatments: most cases are observed during the treatment of maxillary teeth, mainly during attempts to dry root canals with an air syringe or when using irrigants with oxygen-releasing effects, and the development of this type of complication requires the involvement of additional contributing factors (root wall integrity loss due to perforation or resorption, immature root formation condition, presence of a periapical lesion, or over-enlargement of the apical foramen area).

ASSESSMENT OF THE ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION INDEX IN THE SALIVARY FLUID OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS, OSTEOPENIA, AND OSTEOPOROSIS UNDER A THERAPEUTIC- PROPHYLACTIC REGIMEN

2026-01-09T08:46:51+02:00

Oxidative stress is a pivotal element in the pathogenesis of chronic generalized periodontitis. Its impact is exacerbated when accompanied by osteopenia or osteoporosis, conditions in which systemic bone loss intensifies periodontal destruction. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of a newly developed therapeutic- prophylactic drug complex on the salivary antioxidant– prooxidant index (API) in this patient cohort. Materials and methods. Twenty-five individuals aged 25–55 years were examined. Group 1 comprised somatically healthy participants (n = 10). Group 2 consisted of patients with periodontitis and osteopenia/osteoporosis receiving standard protocol-based therapy (n = 12). Group 3 included comparable patients who, in addition to standard care, received the therapeutic-prophylactic complex (n = 13).API was measured at baseline, 3 months, 8 months, 1.5 years, and 2 years. Statistical evaluation employed the Student’s t-test, with significance set at p < 0.01. Research results. Baseline API values in both study groups were significantly lower than normative levels (p < 0.001). No significant improvements were observed in the comparison group throughout the follow-up period. In contrast, API in the intervention group increased 2- to 4.4-fold by month 8 and remained twice as high as the comparison group after 2 years (p < 0.001). Conclusions. In patients with chronic generalized periodontitis burdened with osteopenia/osteoporosis, the antioxidant-prooxidant index (API) in the oral fluid at the time of inclusion in the study was significantly reduced by 3.9-5.1 times compared with somatically healthy individuals, which reflects a pronounced oxidative imbalance. Basic antibacterial-anti- inflammatory therapy according to the protocol did not lead to a significant restoration of antioxidant protection: during two years of follow-up, the API values in the comparison group remained at the baseline level (p> 0.7).The therapeutic-prophylactic complex effectively restored the salivary antioxidant balance, potentially slowing the progression of periodontitis in patients with concomitant metabolic bone disorders.

AGE DETERMINANTS OF THE PREVALENCE AND STRUCTURE OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS DEGREES OF OBESITY

2026-01-09T08:54:00+02:00

Purpose of the study. To determine the prevalence and structure of periodontal tissue diseases in obese patients depending on age characteristics and degree of obesity. Research methods. To achieve this goal, 516 overweight patients aged 18-45 were examined.Obesity was diagnosed based on body mass index (≥30 kg/m²). Periodontal status was assessed according to the classification of M.F. Danilevsky (1994) with additions by I.S. Maschenko (2002) using clinical, radiological and statistical methods. Scientific novelty. The study found that the prevalence of periodontal disease among obese patients was 90.5 %, p<0.01, while intact periodontium was observed in only 9.5 %. Analysis by age group showed an increase in the frequency of pathology, from 84.7±2.57 % in the 18-25 age group, to 88.6±2.55 % in the 26-35 age group, p>0.05, reaching 100 % in the 36-45 age group, p<0.01. Among the younger age group, chronic catarrhal gingivitis was the most prevalent periodontal tissue disease – 46.9±3.56 %, whereas among the older age group, the frequency of chronic generalised periodontitis of I–II degree progressively increased from 22.9±3.0 % to 44.8±4.0 % and 19.5±3.19 %, respectively.Analysis of dependence on the degree of obesity showed that intact periodontium was found in 15.5±2.43 % of cases with grade I obesity and in 5.2±1.31 % of cases with grade II obesity, p<0.01; it was not diagnosed at all in cases of grade III obesity. The most severe forms of periodontitis (II-III degrees) were found in 100 % of patients with grade III obesity. Conclusions. Thus, the study found that the prevalence of periodontal disease in obese patients is 90.5 %. It increases with age and with increasing degrees of obesity, reaching 100 % in patients with grade III obesity. The predominance of catarrhal gingivitis in younger patients is replaced by progressive forms of generalised periodontitis in older age groups.

THE INFLUENCE OF TOBACCO SMOKING ON THE PERIODONTAL STATUS OF STUDENTS

2026-01-09T08:58:07+02:00

Objective of the Study. To evaluate the influence of the intensity and duration of tobacco smoking on the condition of periodontal tissues among university students. Methods.A survey and clinical examination were conducted among 70 dental students aged 18–22 years, of whom 44 had the harmful habit of smoking. To assess oral hygiene and periodontal status, the Green–Vermillion Index (OHI-S), PSR test, and PMA index were used. Scientific Novelty.Tobacco smoking among young people in Ukraine is a serious social and medical problem that affects health, social behavior, and the quality of life of adolescents and students. This issue requires close attention from both researchers and public health authorities. Conclusions. The study showed that students who had been smoking for three years or more had a significantly higher Green–Vermillion oral hygiene index (OHI-S = 1.4 ± 0.09) compared to non- smokers (OHI-S = 0.6 ± 0.1), indicating deterioration of oral health. Periodontal disorders were more frequently diagnosed among smokers: the Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) index increased from 0.9 ± 0.1 in those who smoked for about one year to 2.1 ± 0.1 in those with more than three years of smoking experience. The analysis demonstrated that with increasing smoking duration, the periodontal condition worsens. The PMA index, which determines the degree of inflammatory process, rose from 8.2 ± 1.2% in smokers with a one-year history to 19.8 ± 1.1% in students who had been smoking for three years or longer. An increase in the number of deep periodontal pockets and dental calculus accumulation was also observed, indicating gradual progression of pathological changes. The obtained data confirm the negative effect of smoking on periodontal status and highlight the need for preventive measures among young people aimed at developing healthy behavioral habits and improving oral hygiene awareness.

RESULTS OF STUDYING THE SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY OF FAR-5X GLASS-COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR DENTAL IMPLANTS

2026-01-07T16:51:29+02:00

Objective of the study. To evaluate the biological safety of FAR-5X glass-composite material for dental implants by analyzing the effect of prolonged contact with tissues on the weight of internal organs and hematological parameters in laboratory animals, as well as to identify possible manifestations of toxicity or immunomodulatory effect.Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on 30 white mongrel rats weighing 420-460 g, kept in a vivarium (tº=22-24 ºC, humidity 40-50%) on a standard diet in compliance with the rules of humane treatment of animals (European Convention, 1997). Animals were divided into 2 groups: the main group with dental implants with glass-composite coating and the control group without it. Operations were performed under sterile conditions under anesthesia (0.1% atropine, dose according to weight).An incision (1.5 cm) was made on the anterior surface of the left thigh, a section of the femur was prepared, a bone bed (8×0.8 mm) was formed, and a sterile implant was implanted. The wound was sutured with 4/0 polyglycolide suture, and hemostasis was performed during the operation. Statistical analysis was performed by one-factor analysis of variance, with differences at p<0.05 considered significant. Scientific novelty. Despite the widespread use of dental implants, the safety of new glass-composite coatings for them remains insufficiently studied. Previously, most studies have focused on their physical and mechanical properties and osseointegration, but the systemic effects on internal organs and hematological parameters have been evaluated to a limited extent. Our proposed glass-composite coating FAR-5X for dental implants is a new solution that combines strength and potential bioactivity, but there is no data on its possible toxic or immunomodulatory effects in case of prolonged contact with the body. It is the study of changes in the weight of vital organs and peripheral blood parameters in response to the implantation of dental implants with glass-ceramic coating FAR-5X that allows us to comprehensively assess its biological safety and determine the prospects for clinical use in implantology.Results. During the experiment, no significant changes in body weight and weight coefficients were recorded in the animals. After 12 weeks, the average liver weight in the experimental group (FAR-5X) was 1.41 g less than in the control group (p<0.05), which may indicate the initial manifestations of hepatotoxicity. The weight of the kidneys, spleen, heart and adrenal glands did not differ significantly between the groups (p>0.05). Hematologic analysis showed the stability of most parameters: coagulation time, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, total leukocytes and neutrophil formula did not differ from the control. The only change was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of lymphocytes (p<0.05), which may indicate an immunomodulatory effect in the experimental group.Thus, the material does not have a toxic effect on most internal organs and peripheral blood parameters, except for the effect on the liver and activation of the lymphocyte immunity. Conclusions. Prolonged contact of dental implants coated with FAR-5X glass-composite material did not cause significant changes in animal body weight and most internal organs when comparing the control and experimental groups (p>0.05). Only an increase in the percentage of lymphocytes (p<0.05) was detected, which may indicate an immunomodulatory effect. Thus, the FAR-5X glass-composite coating is a relatively biosafe material, but the effect on the liver and immune system requires further research.

INFLUENCE OF THE PREPARATION SANASOL ON THE REDOX STATE OF THE RATS ORGANISM IN MODELING CARIES TEEHT AND PERIODONTITIS

2026-01-08T14:34:18+02:00

Purpose of the study. Study of the effect of the vitamin complex Kvadevit Classic on the acid-base balance of the blood and the redox state of rat tissues when modeling periodontitis and dental caries with appropriate diets – diets with an excess of ammonium and sucrose. Research methods. The caries model was obtained by keeping animals on the diet of S.A. Nikitin and M.S. Bugaeva, the periodontitis model – by introducing ammonium chloride into the animal diet. Two experimental groups received the vitamin complex Kvadevit Classic (Ukraine) with food. The acid-base balance was determined in the blood of animals by generally accepted methods. Using enzymatic methods according to Bergmeyer H.Y., the amount of pyruvate, lactate, oxaloacetate and malate in rat tissues was determined. The redox state was judged by the ratio of the content of oxidized and reduced metabolites. Scientific novelty. The vitamin complex Kvadevit Classic was first studied as a means of correcting the acid-base and redox balance in the body of experimental animals when modeling periodontitis and dental caries. Alternative disorders of acid-base balance, metabolic alkalosis and metabolic acidosis were established in the blood of rats under the influence of cariogenic and ammonium diets – models of dental caries and periodontitis. When exposed to the vitamin complex, a normalizing effect of varying degrees of severity is noted in the studied tissues of rats on the ratio of oxidized metabolites to reduced ones. Conclusions. The vitamin complex Kvadevit Classic normalizes the carbon dioxide content of the blood and the redox state in the tissues of rats and can be further studied as a method for the prevention and treatment of widespread dental diseases – periodontitis and dental caries.

EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL SCANNERS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF OCCLUSAL DISORDERS

2026-01-08T14:41:47+02:00

Objective. To determine the effectiveness of digital scanners in the diagnosis of occlusal disorders based on an analysis of recent scientific literature. Materials and Methods. The analysis was conducted using leading international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SpringerLink, ACS Publications, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library. The literature search covered the period from January 2021 to September 2025. Scientific Novelty. Current studies indicate that the prevalence of tooth loss due to complications of dental caries and periodontal disease reaches 95%, while partial edentulism is detected in 81.3% of patients aged 33–46 years. One of the major contributing factors to the development of dentoalveolar pathology is occlusal trauma. The identification of premature and excessive occlusal contacts has significant clinical value, as delayed correction may lead to pulp damage and the formation of hard tissue defects such as wedge-shaped lesions and pathological attrition, particularly following prosthetic treatment. Traditional methods of occlusal analysis (articulatormounted models, occlusograms, and contact registration on teeth) lack sufficient accuracy and do not allow realtime evaluation. Therefore, studies on the effectiveness of digital technologies in diagnosing occlusal disorders are highly relevant, as they improve diagnostic precision, enhance treatment outcomes, and promote the introduction of innovative approaches in dental practice. Results. The relevance of diagnosing occlusal disorders is underscored by the high prevalence of dental defects and the need to restore the functional interaction of dental arches. Traditional techniques (impressions, articulatory analysis) are subjective and prone to errors during prosthesis fabrication. The use of digital technologies, particularly intraoral scanners (IOS) and computerized occlusal analysis systems, provides new opportunities for objective assessment. These technologies enable the acquisition of highly accurate 3D models of dental arches, analysis of contact points, and evaluation of masticatory function dynamics, which reduces the risk of complications. Intraoral scanners ensure rapid and comfortable scanning; however, accuracy depends on the type of device, operator technique, and clinical experience. Virtual occlusal records (VOR) show promising results, although their reliability is influenced by scanning quality, software algorithms, and individual occlusal features. Errors are most commonly observed during full-arch scanning, whereas quadrant-level scanning demonstrates higher accuracy. The T-Scan III system is regarded as the “gold standard” for digital occlusal analysis, as it provides real-time data on the amplitude and distribution of occlusal forces. In contrast, the Medit I600 system is primarily designed for morphological reproduction of occlusion and evaluation of tooth overlap. Both technologies generate distinct yet complementary data. Additionally, 3D scanning can be applied in the diagnosis of occlusal caries, showing effectiveness comparable to clinical examination. This expands the potential of digital technologies beyond prosthetics and orthodontics to screening programs as well. Conclusions. Modern digital technologies, such as intraoral scanners (IOS) and occlusal analysis systems, ensure objective and highly accurate diagnosis by generating three-dimensional models of dental arches and reproducing arch interactions. Virtual occlusal records obtained using IOS are consistent with conventional methods; however, their accuracy depends on scanning technology, software algorithms, operator technique, and patient-specific factors. The T-Scan III system is considered the “gold standard” because it allows evaluation of occlusal force, distribution, and dynamics in real time. Meanwhile, the Medit I600 system provides precise static analysis and morphological reproduction. These systems complement one another: T-Scan III supplies data on functional dynamics, whereas Medit I600 emphasizes anatomical accuracy. The combined use of digital technologies enhances diagnostic quality, contributes to the standardization of procedures, reduces treatment time, and creates opportunities for application in telemedicine and screening programs.

DIGITAL DENTISTRY AS THE FOUNDATION OF PERSONALIZED TREATMENT PLANNING

2026-01-08T14:48:56+02:00

Purpose. The study aims to substantiate the role of digital technologies as a key foundation for personalized planning in dental treatment. It defines the impact of digital solutions on improving diagnostic accuracy, enhancing clinical predictability, and refining prosthetic treatment protocols. Materials and Methods. To achieve this goal, a systematic analysis of scientific publications was conducted using international scientometric databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SpringerLink, ACS Publications, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library. The search covered the period from January 2020 to October 2025. The analysis took into account contemporary trends in digital dentistry, technological solutions, and clinical outcomes described in leading peer-reviewed sources. Scientific Novelty. The study establishes that the digitalization of dental practice enables a transition from analog methods of recording clinical parameters to integrated digital technologies, among which intraoral scanning occupies a leading position. The use of digital impressions eliminates errors associated with material shrinkage and the subjectivity of manual procedures, thereby improving the accuracy and reproducibility of clinical outcomes. Systematic reviews confirmed the stability of accuracy indicators for digital impressions under conditions of minimal human influence, highlighting the high potential of digital technologies in forming personalized approaches to dental treatment. The conducted research demonstrated the superior precision of digital technologies in dental practice, particularly in implant-supported prosthetics. It was found that digital impressions are comparable to traditional methods in accuracy while providing greater patient comfort and reducing the duration of clinical procedures. Scientific evidence also confirms less deformation of digital impressions in “all-on-four” models, contributing to the increased precision of CAD/ CAM modeling. Automated control within CAD/CAM processes ensures optimal fitting of prosthetic structures and validates the effectiveness of digital facebow methods for more precise intermaxillary transfer. It was proven that digital smile design enhances the predictability of aesthetic treatment outcomes, while the implementation of 3D printing technologies opens new opportunities for creating individualized templates and permanent prosthetic structures with high accuracy. Overall, the results confirm the prospects of digital technologies as tools for increasing the precision, efficiency, and predictability of dental interventions. Conclusions. Digital dentistry not only transforms the practitioner’s toolkit but also shapes a new philosophy of treatment based on personalized approaches, evidence-based precision, minimal invasiveness, and maximum predictability. Beyond improving the accuracy of clinical procedures, digital technologies lay the foundation for personalized medicine characterized by predictable outcomes, biomechanical stability of dental structures, and minimized prosthetic interventions. The integration of CAD/CAM, DSD, and 3D technologies into comprehensive treatment establishes a unified digital ecosystem encompassing the planning, modeling, fabrication, and quality control of prosthetic outcomes.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE WOUND PROCESS AFTER IMPLANTATION OF SILVER ALLOY PIERCINGS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS

2026-01-08T14:54:45+02:00

Purpose of the study. To prove the effect of selenium alloy piercing on the course of the wound process in the soft tissues of the oral cavity through morphological studies of microdissections in experimental animals. Materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted on mature rabbits of the Chinchilla breed weighing from 2.7 to 3.2 kg. The procedures were in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals (Strasbourg, March 18, 1986), EU Council Directives (November 24, 1986) and Protocol No. 6 of the KhNMU Ethics Committee of June 5, 2013. Implantation of a silver alloy piercing into the soft tissues of the tongue and cheek. Histologic analysis of changes in the wound channel was performed on days 7, 14, 28, and 60. Morphological studies were performed at the Central Research Laboratory and at the Department of Pathological Anatomy of KhNMU. The material was fixed in 10% formalin, treated with alcohol, and embedded in paraffin, sections 4-5 μm. Analysis and photographs were taken with an Olympus BX-41 microscope (Japan). Scientific novelty. On the 7th day, purulent-necrotic detritus, initial epithelialization at the edges, granulation tissue with capillaries, fibroblasts and an infiltrate of lymphocytes and neutrophils were observed in the wounds of the tongue and cheek. On the 14th day, the epithelium is thickened with hyper- and parakeratosis, acanthosis, and microabscesses; granulation tissue matures, collagen fibers are bundled, and cellular elements are represented by fibroblasts, macrophages, and neutrophils. On day 28, epithelialization is uneven, with microabscesses and inflammation; granulation tissue matures, with young connective tissue in the deeper parts. On day 60, the epithelium is uneven, sometimes thickened or thinned; granulation tissue is voluminous, with bundled collagen fibers and secondary granulations inside and on the surface of the epithelial layer. Conclusions. The healing of the wound channels of the tongue and cheek after implantation of silver piercing clips is accompanied by inflammation and repair. On days 7-14, purulentnecrotic detritus, neutrophil infiltration, granulation tissue formation, and the onset of epithelialization dominate. On day 28-60, epithelialization is uneven with microabscesses and necrosis, indicating chronicity of the process. The granulation tissue matures, but secondary granulations make recovery difficult. This indicates long-term irritation from silver clips and requires caution when choosing piercing materials.

ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN ELASTASE ACTIVITY AND CALCIUM CONCENTRATION IN THE BONE TISSUE OF RATS INDUCED BY MODELLING CHRONIC STRESS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF A THERAPEUTICPREVENTIVE COMPLEX FOR THE PURPOSE OF ITS APPLICATION IN PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY

2026-01-08T15:00:10+02:00

Chronic psycho-emotional stress is a significant risk factor for impaired bone remodelling and the development of periodontal pathology in children. Pharmacological correction of oxidative-inflammatory alterations with multicomponent preparations may prevent demineralisation and maintain bone homeostasis. Aim of the study. To evaluate the efficacy of a therapeuticprophylactic complex (TPC) on elastase activity and calcium concentration in rat bone tissue under an experimental model of chronic acoustic stress, with a view to justifying its use in paediatric dentistry. Materials and methods. The study included 34 male Wistar rats (2 months old, body weight 140±8 g), which were divided into three groups: an intact group (n=10), a group with induced chronic sound stress (n=12), and a group with induced stress followed by administration of a therapeuticprophylactic complex (TPC) (n=12). Over 50 days, the rats in the second and third groups were exposed to chronic sound stress using an ultrasonic pest repellent. In the “stress + TPC” group, the rats additionally received the therapeutic-prophylactic complex. Elastase activity and calcium content were analysed in jaw homogenates. Statistical processing was performed using STATISTICA 6.1 with Student’s t-test (p<0.01 was considered significant). Results. In the stress-control group, elastase activity increased to 14.48 ± 0.92 μkat kg⁻¹ and calcium decreased to 4.92 ± 0.19 mmol g⁻¹ (p < 0.05 and p < 0.02, respectively). Administration of the TPC reduced elastase to 9.72 ± 0.75 μkat kg⁻¹ and raised calcium to 5.76 ± 0.22 mmol g⁻¹ (p₁ < 0.02). Conclusions. The TPC effectively attenuates bone resorption and promotes re-mineralisation under chronic stress, supporting its prospective incorporation into preventive programmes in paediatric dentistry.