Innovation in stomatology

CLINICAL EVALUATION OF EXTRA-STRONG ADHESIVE CREAMS FOR FIXING REMOVABLE DENTURES

2025-07-02T16:06:58+03:00

Purpose of the study. Comparative evaluation of some modern adhesive agents for fixing partial or complete removable dentures by means of a questionnaire survey of patients using removable dentures, as well as mechanical studies of the adhesive ability of the cream for fixing dentures. Research methods. The studies involved 75 volunteer patients (50 women and 25 men) aged 45 to 74 years, who used partial and complete removable dentures made of acrylic plastic. There were a total of 24 patients (32 %) with complete removable dentures and 51 patients (68 %) with partial removable dentures.The study material was modern fixing creams “Lacalut Fix Extra Strong Fixation” (30 people), “Corega Extra” (30 people), “Protefix Extra Strong”. For a comparative evaluation of means for fixing dentures, a questionnaire survey of patients with the criteria for evaluating the results proposed by us was used. Mechanical studies were conducted to assess the adhesive ability of the cream “Lacalut Fix Extra Strong Fixation” in comparison with the oral liquid using samples of plastic for dentures and analytical scales. Scientific novelty. According to the results of a patient questionnaire on the assessment of fixing creams (based on subjective data on the strength of fixation, effect on the mucosa, food getting under the denture, speed and duration of fixation, changes in the taste of food, changes in denture fixation when eating hot and hard food and the presence of an allergic reaction in the oral cavity), the cream “Lacalut Fix Extra Strong Fixation” turned out to be the best (the number of points was 19.4 against 15.6 for “Corega” and 12.4 for “Protefix Extra Strong”). The results of mechanical studies showed that the fixing properties of the cream “Lacalut Fix Extra Strong Fixation” were 5.6 times higher than the fixing ability of the oral liquid.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PREVENTIVE MEASURES TO ENSURE LONG-TERM STABILITY OF ORTHOPEDIC STRUCTURES ON DENTAL IMPLANTS

2025-07-02T16:11:07+03:00

Problem statement. The stability of the results of complex orthopedic treatment of patients with dentition defects replaced by fixed structures on dental implants is determined by a number of factors, both local and general. In particular, the condition of bone and soft tissues in the area of missing teeth, the presence of periodontal diseases, parafunctions, correct positioning of the implant, the presence of keratinized gums, the choice of the type of fixation of orthopedic structures and the level of oral hygiene play an important role. Research objective.Evaluation of the effectiveness of preventive measures in patients with non-removable structures of dental prostheses with a screw fixation system on dental implants. Materials and methods of research. In a randomized examination, 57 patients with defects in the lower jaw dental arches, replaced by fixed orthopedic structures with a screw fixation system on dental implants aged 30 to 44 years, were involved. Clinical and radiographic studies were conducted to assess the hygienic condition of the oral cavity and peri-implant tissues in patients with dental implants. Determinants laid down in the classification of periodontal and peri-implant tissue diseases were used to analyze the condition of peri-implant tissues (EFP&AAP World Workshop, 2017). Conclusions. Therefore, carrying out professional oral cavity hygiene, combined with individual care, and proper care of non-removable orthopedic constructions with a screw fixation system on dental implants, as well as controlling the microbial biofilm around them, plays a leading role in maintaining the health of peri-implant tissues, ensuring the success of orthopedic rehabilitation of patients.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE FINANCIAL COMPONENT AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF EARLY ORTHOPEDIC TREATMENT OF DEFECTS IN HARD TISSUES OF TEETH AND DENTITION ROWS AT A YOUNG AGE

2025-07-02T16:15:00+03:00

There is a well-known significant incidence of defects in the hard tissues of the root part of teeth and dentition rows at a young age, which in turn cause the early appearance of secondary dental anomalies and deformities. At the same time, the speed of their occurrence, the complexity of newly formed clinical situations and various combinations, is very active and anatomically and topographically manifested, exclusively at a young age. Materials and methods of research. Taking into account the situation, we have analyzed a number of clinical cases that require preliminary orthopedic treatment up to 1 year after tooth extraction with the determination of the anatomical and topographic structure, design of orthopedic devices, rings with additional elements, braces, etc.and their cost in accordance with the existing price lists for orthopedic services in our country in a number of dental clinics, departments, offices. As an example, we took the “price list of prices for orthodontic services in the municipal non- profit enterprise of the dental Polyclinic No. 3 of the Odesa city council. Clinical and laboratory studies were conducted in 163 young people with dental anomalies and deformities associated with tooth extraction and defects in the hard tissues of the crown part of the teeth, using panoramic computed tomography. The most significant types and volume of their pre-prosthetic preparation of orthodontic, surgical and therapeutic nature are determined, and their total cost is calculated, which is 5.2–11.0 times more significant than the main type of direct prosthetics. It is eloquently proved on the basis of data on their high cost, financial interest in the expediency of this category of the population to conduct early orthopedic treatment of such defects in teeth and dentition rows.Conclusions. There is a rapid formation of various dentalanomalies and deformities associated with both tooth extraction and restoration of hard tissues of the crown part of teeth at a young age. A very significant value of the cost of pre-prosthetic services for the treatment of dental anomalies and deformities of a secondary nature is proved, which exceeds the cost of direct prosthetics by 5.2–11.0 times, depending on the volume of prosthetics, compared with the amount of costs for timely orthopedic treatment of defects in the dentition and crown of teeth at a young age. Taking into account the latter, it is desirable for dentists of all specialties to conduct directed agitation about the mandatory early orthopedic treatment of defects in dentition and hard tooth tissues at a young age, to include the financial factor of the feasibility of using it and saving their own funds for its implementation, not to mention the significant cost of time and visits and its receipt.

FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE FACIAL SKULL OF PATIENTS WITH DISTAL OCCLUSION, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DIRECTION OF JAW GROWTH

2025-07-02T16:21:06+03:00

Distal occlusion in children and adolescents is accompanied by a complex set of craniofacial alterations whose severity depends on the prevailing direction of jaw growth. Aim.To evaluate the craniofacial morphology of patients with distal occlusion, taking horizontal, vertical, and neutral growth patterns into account. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the structural features of the facial skull in patients with a distal occlusion, taking into account the direction of jaw growth. Materials and methods.Eighty-nine patients aged 8–16 years were examined; 52 underwent an in-depth assessment of study casts and were allocated to three etiological subgroups.To determine the structural features of the facial skull in patients with a distal occlusion, 14 angular and 9 linear parameters were studied; statistics were performed in Microsoft Excel 2016 using Student’s t-test (p < 0.01).Research results. Irrespective of growth direction, patients demonstrated an altered relationship between the mandibular ramus and body and a clockwise rotation of the occlusal plane. Horizontal growers exhibited an anticlockwise rotation of the mandibular plane, reduced posterior lower facial height, and a decrease in total facial height. Vertical growers showed mandibular and chin retrusion, shortening of the mandibular ramus, and a clockwise rotation of the mandibular plane.Neutral growers displayed moderate changes without pronounced retrognathia but with a consistent reduction in anterior facial height. Conclusions. Distal occlusion is associated with a reproducible pattern of craniofacial disproportions that varies with jaw-growth direction and should be considered when planning orthodontic treatment to shorten its duration and prevent complications.

RESULTS OF COMPARATIVE CLINICAL EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF RESTORATIVE TREATMENT OF TOOTH WEAR

2025-07-02T16:27:07+03:00

Purpose of the study. To compare the clinical effectiveness of partial direct resin-based composite and indirect zirconia restorations for the treatment of tooth wear.Research methods. It was learned 30 people with generalized decompensated tooth wear, I degree, mixed form, aged up to 45 years, with men predominance (70.0 %). All patients were divided into 3 research groups of 10 persons each, equivalent in sex-age composition and clinical picture. In the first research group, worn teeth was restored with resin-based composite directly; in the second one, it was used direct resin-based composite restorations for anterior teeth and CAD/CAM zirconium overlays for lateral teeth. The results of research groups were compared with the data of control, where restorative treatment was absent according patients’ consent.Examinations were performed in 1 month and in 5 years after treatment. Restorations were checked for clinical acceptability: functionality, biological compliance, aesthetics. Failed restorations were divided into three categories: restorations with serious defects requiring total replacement (F1); restorations with localized defects requiring partial replacement (F2); restorations with small defects requiring restoration by polishing (F3).Previous and repeated digital images were superimposed using CAD/CAM software. Occlusal surfaces wear was assessed on six teeth: all first molars and upper central incisors. The interalveolar height was determined at the location of the first molars by analyzing intraoral scans of the dentitions. The results were statistically processed. Scientific novelty. The highest clinical efficacy (97.9 %) was calculated for direct resin-based composite restorations of anterior teeth in cases of lateral zirconium overlays. When direct resin-based composite restorations of lateral teeth were used, the efficacy of anterior resin-based composite restorations decreased to 93.8 %. The worst result was got for direct resin-based composite restorations of lateral teeth – 77.5 % versus 88.4 % for indirect zirconium overlays. In the absence of restorative treatment in patients of the control group, tooth wear was significantly more compared to the wear of restorations in the second group (P < 0.05 for resin- based composite and P < 0.001 for zirconium dioxide), and in the first group (P > 0.05). Wear of lateral teeth was more intense than that of anterior teeth (P > 0.05).By analogy, wear of resin-based composite restorations was more significant for lateral teeth compared to anterior ones (P < 0.05). The largest difference was found between the wear rates of resin-based composite restorations and zirconia overlays made for lateral teeth (P < 0.001).The greatest loss of interalveolar height was found in the absence of restorative treatment in the control group (1.52 ± 0.48 mm). For patients in the first group, interalveolar height loss was 1.18 ± 0.37 mm (P > 0.05).In the second group, no decrease in interalveolar height was recorded. Conclusions. Restorative treatment of tooth wear prevents progression of the disease. Direct resinbased composite restorations of anterior and lateral teeth are justified treatment method with a small numberof serious complications. The use of CAD/CAM technology for zirconia restorations of lateral teeth increases the effectiveness of treatment in the long term by means of preserving the interalveolar height.

ASSESSMENT OF PERIODONTAL TISSUE CONDITION IN PATIENTS WITH PERI-IMPLANTITIS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF THE TREATMENT AND PREVENTION COMPLEX

2025-07-02T12:20:05+03:00

Peri-implantitis is a frequent complication of dental implantation, characterised by chronic inflammation and progressive destruction of bone surrounding the implant. Optimising treatment strategies for this condition remains a major challenge in contemporary dentistry.Aim of the study was to evaluate periodontal indices in patients with peri-implantitis during administration of a therapeutic-preventive complex (TPC). Materials and methods. Sixty-seven patients aged 25–55 years with peri- implantitis against the background of chronic generalised periodontitis and atherosclerosis were examined. Twogroups were formed: a comparison group (n = 28) that received standard protocol therapy only, and a main group (n = 39) that, in addition to standard therapy, received a formulated TPC comprising antioxidant, anti- inflammatory, probiotic (to restore microbiocenosis), microcirculatory and osteotropic agents. The TPC was repeated 6 months after treatment onset. Periodontal status was assessed using the PMA index (%) and the gingival bleeding index (Mühlemann & Son). Data were analysed by variation statistics with Student’s t-test; p < 0.01 was considered significant. Results. At baseline both groups exhibited pronounced periodontal inflammation: mean PMA > 50 % (moderate gingivitis) and bleeding index > 1.3 units, confirming active gingival inflammation. After 12 months, changes in the comparison group were minimal and statistically insignificant (PMA 52–60 %, bleeding index 1.41–1.45). In contrast, the main group demonstrated rapid and sustained improvement following TPC administration: after 3 months PMA decreased from 54.46 ± 5.22 % to 25.31 ± 2.34 %, and bleeding index from 1.63 ± 0.15 to 1.22 ± 0.11. By month 6 the lowest values were recorded (PMA 22.14 ± 2.09 %; bleeding index 1.17 ± 0.10). At 12 months PMA rose slightly to 31.65 ± 3.18 %, yet remained significantly below baseline and almost half that of the comparison group; the bleeding index was 1.29 ± 0.12 versus 1.45 ± 0.15.Conclusions. Incorporation of the proposed TPC into standard peri-implantitis therapy markedly reduces inflammatory response in peri-implant tissues and sustains the therapeutic effect over one year, far surpassing the efficacy of standard treatment alone. These findings support the feasibility of comprehensive anti-inflammatory and osteoprotective therapy to prevent peri-implantitis progression and preserve peri-implant tissues.

INFLAMMATORY LESIONS OF FACIAL CELLULAR SPACES AS A PROBLEM OF THE 21ST CENTURY

2025-07-02T12:47:51+03:00

The aim to highlight the current understanding of the problem of inflammatory lesions of facial tissue spaces.Materials and methods. The article presents data from 57 sources of authors from 26 countries published on the Internet for the period 2020–2025. The choice of sources was random. We studied the material that met the criteria for inclusion on the first page of the internet search for the keywords “phlegmon of the face”, “purulent cellulite”, “maxillofacial area”. The process of our research work included the following stages: formulation of the purpose and objectives of the study, literature search, assessment of the quality of a «certain» source, data extraction, analysis of the state of the subject in research. Results.As a result of the study, it was determined that purulent, including odontogenic, lesions of facial adipose tissue are diseases, that are characteristic not only for societies with low incomes, but also for economically and socially developed countries. Data was also found indicating the concern of modern specialists and researchers about the current situation of odontogenic purulent lesions of facial adipose tissue due to the severity of their course, dangerous complications and possible negative consequences of the disease. In the studied material, there were 23 publications by European authors (40.35 %), 3 authors from the Middle East (5.26 %), 6 from Asian countries (10.52 %), 15 from North America (26.31 %), 4 from South America (7.01 %), 2 from Australia (3.50 %), 4 from Africa (7.0 1 %). Odontogenic phlegmons and cellulitis were described in 43 (75.4 %) publications, non-odontogenic – in 14 (24.56 %). Conclusions.The problem of inflammatory lesions of the cellular spaces of the face and neck of various etiologies remains relevant on all continents of the world, even in the developed countries of America, Europe and Asia. Different aspects of this problem are being studied in different countries.However, they all have one thing in common – the task of developing effective methods of treatment and preventing the occurrence of serious complications.

ASSESSMENT OF METABOLIC PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE I AND TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS DURING TREATMENT AND PREVENTION MEASURES

2025-07-02T12:51:35+03:00

The comorbid coexistence of type I and type II diabetes mellitus (DM) with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is accompanied by multifaceted metabolic disturbances that affect carbohydrate, lipid, and calcium-phosphate metabolism and indirectly modulate oral-tissue pathology. Accumulated epidemiological evidence confirms an elevated risk of periodontal inflammation in DM, which rises further in the presence of autoimmune processes.Timely assessment of key biochemical markers enables prompt therapeutic adjustment and lowers the probability of complications.Aim of the study was to evaluate metabolic parameters in patients with type I and type II diabetes mellitus in the setting of autoimmune thyroiditis during treatment and prevention measures.Materials and methods. The study involved 105 people (aged 24 to 60 years) divided into 2 groups: 46 patients with type I diabetes and AIT, 59 patients with type II diabetes and AIT. The complex therapy included standard hypoglycemic treatment, L-thyroxine, cholecalciferol (2,000–4,000 IU/day for 2 months twice a year), phonophoresis, and local UV irradiation. Dynamic determination of ionized/total calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), glycemia, HbA1c, insulin, triglycerols, and cholesterol was performed.Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using Student’s t-test at p < 0.01.Results. After two months, the type I DM + AIT group exhibited significant reductions in PTH (−39.6 %; p < 0.001) and insulin (−42.6 %; p < 0.001), alongside an increase in total calcium (+13.7 %; p < 0.1); post-prandial glycaemia decreased by 19.2 % (p < 0.005). In the type II DM + AIT group, total calcium rose significantly (+22.0 %; p < 0.05), while PTH (−25.3 %; p < 0.05), insulin (−64.2 %; p < 0.001), and post-prandial glycaemia (−29.5 %; p < 0.001) declined. Both groups showed a trend toward lipid-profile improvement.Conclusions. Correcting profound 25(OH)D3 deficiency as part of individualised therapy for patients with type I/II DM and AIT normalises calcium-phosphate homeostasis, significantly attenuates secondary hyperparathyroidism, and improves carbohydrate metabolism, indicating that cholecalciferol is an important pathogenetic component in the management of this comorbid condition.

ANALYSIS OF THE CLINICAL CONDITION OF TOOTH RESTORATIONS WITH PHOTOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS

2025-07-02T12:54:55+03:00

Objective. Retrospective clinical assessment of the condition of direct composite restorations of posterior teeth. Materials and Methods. In 139 patients, 627 direct composite restorations of posterior teeth were examined, including 229 restorations (36.5 %) on the occlusal surface and 398 restorations (64.5 %) on the occlusal and one of the contact surfaces. The restorations were evaluated using adapted criteria for each surface and for the cervical area of the contact surface. Results. With localization exclusively on the occlusal surface, 27 restorations (11.8 %) had marginal adaptation defects, 22 restorations (9.6 %) had marginal discoloration, 4 restorations (1.7 %) had anatomical form defects, secondary caries was detected in 9 restored teeth (3.9 %), and wall fractures were found in 3 cases (1.3 %). For restorations located on the occlusal and one of the contact surfaces of the teeth, defects on the occlusal surface alone included marginal adaptation defects in 42 restorations (10.6 %), marginal discoloration in 39 restorations (9.8 %), and secondary caries in 14 restored teeth (3.5 %). On the vestibular and oral surfaces, 37 restorations (9.2 %) had marginal adaptation defects, 35 restorations (8.8 %) had marginal discoloration, and secondary caries was detected in 16 restored teeth (4 %). Anatomical form defects with violation of the contact point were found in 46 restorations (11.6 %), along with 61 cases (15.2 %) of non-functional contact points, totaling 107 cases (26.8 %) of contact point defects. Wall fractures were identified in 23 teeth (5.8 %), and cracks in 2 restorations (0.5 %). In the cervical area of the contact surface, marginal adaptation defects were found in 92 restorations (23.1 %), and secondary caries in 84 restored teeth (21.1 %). On all surfaces of restorations located on the occlusal and one of the contact surfaces, marginal adaptation defects were observed in 171 restorations (43 %), and secondary caries in 114 restored teeth (28.6 %).Conclusions. A significant number of defects in restorations on the occlusal and one of the contact surfaces of posterior teeth indicates the necessity of strict adherence to the technique of direct restoration and the need for frequent follow-up examinations.

ANALYSIS OF ENDODONTIC TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2025-07-02T12:59:07+03:00

Objective. To determine the clinical course and effectiveness of standard endodontic treatment for chronic apical periodontitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Materials and Methods.A total of 134 patients aged 29 to 67 years with chronic apical periodontitis were examined. Seventy-two patients with confirmed RA comprised the study group (Group I), and 62 patients without concomitant rheumatologic pathology comprised the control group (Group II). All participants were stratified into three age categories: 29–39 years, 40–54 years, and 55–67 years. Endodontic treatment followed a standardized protocol that included mechanical instrumentation with nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files, irrigation with 2.5 % sodium hypochlorite, placement of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament, and obturation of root canals by warm vertical condensation of gutta-percha using an epoxy resin–based sealer. Treatment outcomes were evaluated clinically and radiographically at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. In Group I, indices of RA activity were additionally analyzed (DAS28 scoring). Results.At 6 months after treatment, complications were recorded in 18.1 % of Group I patients and 6.5 % of Group II patients. At 12 months, complication rates increased to 26.4 % in Group I and 9.7 % in Group II. The mean time to radiographic resolution of the periapical lesion in RA patients was 8.7 ± 2.1 months, which was significantly longer than in patients without RA (6.3 ± 1.6 months).Unfavorable outcomes were most frequently observed in men aged 55–67 years. In patients with high RA activity (DAS28 > 3.2), the complication rate reached 38.7 %.A significant positive correlation was found between RA activity and the incidence of treatment complications (r = 0.61; p < 0.01). Conclusions. These findings substantiate the need for interdisciplinary planning of endodontic interventions in RA patients. Management of chronic apical periodontitis should be tailored and performed during the phase of clinical–laboratory remission of the underlying rheumatologic disease.

ANALYSIS OF THE THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF THE USE OF NANOTECHNOLOGICAL GEL FOR THE CORRECTION OF ORAL DYSBIOSIS IN CHRONIC CATARRHAL GINGIVITIS IN CHILDREN

2025-07-02T16:32:19+03:00

The aim of this study was to analyse and evaluate the clinical efficacy of the nanotechnology gel in correcting dysbiotic changes in the oral cavity of children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis. Methods of the study. The study involved 235 people aged between 3 and 17 years, of whom 175 were diagnosed with inflammatory diseases of the periodontium (chronic catarrhal gingivitis) and 60 with intact periodontium. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and prevention of exacerbations of chronic catarrhal gingivitis, the degree of dysbiosis in the patients’ oral fluid was determined in the dynamics of the study (before treatment, after 1 month, after 6 months). Patients in the main group were prescribed Neovitin gel for 1 month – gum applications and recommended to use VIVAX Dent toothpaste with active peptide complex and Betulavit for 4 weeks, then VIVAX Dent toothpaste with active peptide complex and Bisabolol for 4 weeks. Patients in the control group were treated with a 3 % hydrogen peroxide solution; Rotokan was used for mouthwash (during the first week of treatment); the therapeutic and prophylactic toothpaste was recommended by the parents. The degree of dysbiosis in the oral fluid was determined by calculating the dysbiosis index, which is based on the ratio of urease activity to lysozyme concentration. Lysozyme concentration was determined by the nephelometric method and urease activity by spectrophotometric analysis. Scientific novelty.As a result of the study, it was found that when comparing all indicators of the main and comparison groups with each other 1 month and 6 months after treatment, the difference was significant (p < 0.05), except for urease activity (1 month after treatment). The results obtained showed a high and long-term efficacy of our proposed therapy for chronic catarrhal gingivitis using a nanotechnological gel with the property of peptide regulation. That is, the immunotropic regulatory effect was confirmed by a significant reduction in the degree of oral dysbiosis.All this indicates that the long-term effect of the therapy is linked to the effect on the pathogenesis of gingival inflammation, in particular the regulatory effect of peptide complexes with the development of a specific immune response. Conclusions. Thus, on the basis of the study, it was found that the use of nanotechnological gel in the complex treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in patients of the main group contributes to the normalisation of the oral microbiocenosis by reducing the degree of dysbiosis. The obtained results confirm the high clinical efficacy and prolonged effect of the proposed therapeutic strategy, which substantiates the feasibility of its use in dental practice.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES FOR THE CORRECTION OF SCAR DEFORMITIES BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE REGENERATED TISSUE IN VIVO

2025-07-02T14:14:04+03:00

The aim of this study was to analyse and evaluate the effectiveness of different methods of correcting soft tissue scar deformities in vivo. Methods of the study.The experimental part of the study was performed on 160 white Wistar rats and consisted of two stages.In the first stage of the experiment, a soft tissue defect was modelled on a pre-prepared back area, and in the second stage, scar deformities were corrected with further study of morphological features at different study periods (7, 14, 30, 60 days). The experiment animals were divided into three groups: Group I – animals in which the correction of scar deformities was performed using the drug “Nascar”; Group II – animals in which the correction of scar deformities was performed using the combination of “Nascar” + CO2 laser; Group III – animals in which the correction of scar deformities was performed using the complex technique of “Nascar” + CO2 laser + PRP microneedling. The histological sections were stained by Van Gieson’s method, haematoxylin-eosin and resorcin-fuchsin by Weigert’s method. The specimens were examined using a Carl Zeiss Jena NU-2 microscope. Scientific novelty. The study found that the use of the drug “Nascar” (group I) provided active regeneration in the early stages, but later the formation of a typical scar was observed. The combination of “Nascar” + CO2 laser (group II) contributed to an improved collagen fibre structure, vascularisation and angiogenesis, resulting in a regeneration similar to normal skin. However, the complex technique involving the use of “Nascar” + CO2 laser + PRP microneedling (group III) showed the most pronounced recovery processes, providing the fastest formation of granulation tissue and a high level of collagen fibre remodelling. Conclusions. Thus, the most effective was the complex approach using “Nascar” + CO2 laser + PRP microneedling, which allowed a rapid and almost complete restoration of the skin structure, reducing scarring and improving the quality of the regenerate.

GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO THE RISK OF POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT AND MALIGNANT DISEASES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, EGFR A2073T RECEPTOR GENE POLYMORPHISM

2025-07-02T14:18:19+03:00

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are considered key determinants of individual susceptibility to premalignant oral lesions and head-and-neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC), diseases in which aberrant EGFR signalling is almost ubiquitous. The purpose of the study was investigate the association of the EGFR A2073T SNP (rs2227984) with oral leukoplakia and HNSCC. Materials and methods. A total of 60 subjects aged 25–55 years were enrolled: leukoplakia (n = 20), HNSCC (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20). Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal epithelial cells using a modified Chelex protocol. Genotyping of A2073T was performed by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Genotype and allele distributions were analysed with Pearson’s χ² test; associations were expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Statistical significance was set at p < 0,05.Research results. Genotype frequencies conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in all cohorts. In both the dominant and codominant inheritance models, carriage of the A allele (genotypes AA / AT) was strongly associated with HNSCC (OR = 11.111; 95 % CI 1.395–88.521; χ² = 6.240; p = 0.013). Conversely, the homozygous mutant genotype TT exerted a protective effect against leukoplakia (OR = 0.448; 95 % CI 0.255–0.787; p = 0.012) and, even more markedly, against carcinoma (OR = 0.281; 95 % CI 0.157–0.504; p < 0.001). No significant differences were detected between leukoplakia and control groups for the AA and AT genotypes (p > 0.05). Conclusions. The EGFR rs2227984 polymorphism is a significant genetic marker of susceptibility to HNSCC, whereas the T allele appears to confer protection against both malignant and premalignant oral conditions. Genotyping of A2073T may enhance early-screening strategies, enabling timely identification and personalised follow-up of high-risk individuals.

ANALYSIS OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN THE GUMS OF RATS WITH PEROXIDATIVE PERIODONTITIS, NUTRITIONAL PROTEIN DEFICIENCY AND TREATMENT AND PREVENTION MEASURES

2025-07-02T14:24:32+03:00

Periodontitis is among the most prevalent periodontal diseases, and its progression is markedly aggravated by lipoperoxidation and dietary protein deficiency.Contemporary evidence indicates that an imbalance of inflammatory mediators and oxidative homeostasis is a key driver of periodontal tissue destruction; however, the pathogenetic interplay of these processes under conditions of protein malnutrition remains insufficiently explored. The purpose of the study was to experimentally evaluate the effect of a therapeutic drug complex on inflammatory markers in the gums of rats under conditions of peroxidation-induced periodontitis and dietary protein deficiency. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on 30 Wistar rats. The animals were divided into three groups: intact (n = 10), combined pathology (peroxidation-induced periodontitis + protein deficiency, n = 10), and combined pathology with subsequent use of a therapeutic-preventive complex (n = 10). The duration of the experiment was 60 days. The level of biochemical markers of inflammation – elastase and acid phosphatase activity – was determined in gingival homogenates.Statistical analysis was performed using the STATISTICA 6.1 software package. Research results. In rats with combined pathology, acid phosphatase activity increased by 43.5 % and elastase activity by 46.7 % versus intact controls, indicating pronounced lysosomal degranulation and proteolytic tissue damage. After 60 days of TPC therapy, acid phosphatase activity decreased by 23.1 % and elastase by 27.0 % relative to untreated pathological controls. Conclusions. The combination of lipoperoxidation and protein deficiency markedly intensifies gingival inflammation, whereas administration of the TPC exerts a potent anti-inflammatory and membrane-stabilizing effect, normalizing key enzymatic markers. These findings support a comprehensive therapeutic approach to the prevention and management of periodontitis under nutritional and metabolic disturbances.

MORPHOLOGICAL VERIFICATION OF PERIODONTAL TISSUE DESTRUCTION PROCESSES AND THEIR REGENERATION AFTER METABOLIC CORRECTION IN EXPERIMENTAL PERIODONTITIS

2025-07-02T14:30:27+03:00

Conducting a comparative analysis of the morphological features of normal, damaged, and regenerating periodontal tissues – particularly at the ultrastructural level – is extremely relevant and requires appropriate anatomical substantiation, as it plays an important role in the development and improvement of diagnostic methods and the choice of rational pharmacotherapeutic approaches. Aim of the study. To investigate the morphological signs of damage and the features of recovery of the periodontal complex of the rat mandible using a metabolic model of periodontitis. Materials and methods. This study used 80 mature male Wistar rats, which were divided into five groups (16 animals in each): two control groups – IC (negative control) and IIC (conditional positive control) – and three experimental groups: ID, IID, and IIID. The experiment was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, rats in the IIC and experimental groups received a 0.04 % aqueous solution of ammonium chloride (400 mg/kg) per os daily – an acidotic model of periodontitis – separately from the main feed, while the IC group received an isotonic saline solution (400 mg/kg) per os. In the second stage, rats in both control groups were administered isotonic saline solution (400 mg/kg),group ID received an intramuscular injection of 5 % meldonium dihydrate solution (a metabolic agent), group IID received calcium glycerophosphate per os (133 mg/kg), and group IIID received both 5 % meldonium dihydrate solution intramuscularly and calcium glycerophosphate per os simultaneously. At the end of the experiment, blocks of the mandible with teeth were collected, and the tissues were fixed for 48 hours in 10 % neutral formalin solution. Paraffin sections (5–7 µm thick) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to van Gieson.Deparaffinized sections were treated with aniline alcohol and then stained using M. Heidenhain’s “azan” technique.Selected areas of the specimens were photographed using a Leica DFC 420 digital camera mounted on a microscope.A comparative histological examination of fragments of the alveolar processes of the mandible, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and with azan by M. Heidenhain, was carried out. Results. In the acidotic model of periodontitis (28 days) in rats of the IIC group, unlike in the IC group, the interdental papillae were hyperemic, edematous, and acquired a smooth, dome-like shape.Due to enhanced desquamation of the cells of the horny and granular layers of the epithelium, the gingival epithelial layer remained only partially; eroded areas were covered with granulation tissue. The intercellular spaces of the polymorphic cells of the spinous and basal layers were also enlarged, and in certain areas there was a lack of contact between cells. Endothelial swelling was observed in the gingival capillaries. Resorption of collagen fibers and the alveolar bone tissue of the rat mandible occurred, and leukocyte infiltrates were present – key indicators of inflammatory-dystrophic lesions. As a result of metabolic correction on the 42nd day of the experiment, there was incomplete regeneration of the gingival epithelium and complete remodeling of the bone tissue in the alveolar part of the mandible in rats. This was accompanied by the tightening of intercellular contacts and the basal membrane of the gingival epithelium, the emergence of newly formed thin-walled vessels, and the appearance of areas of replacement sclerosis in the subepithelial connective tissue. Conclusions.The conducted research has established that the application of the proposed therapeutic complex helps to normalize the processes of gingival epithelium and alveolar bone tissue regeneration in the mandibles of rats on a metabolic model of periodontitis. The results obtained in this study can be used for the development and analysis of effective treatment methods for inflammatory periodontal diseases in patients with metabolic disorders.

SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION INDEXES AS NEW PREDICTORS OF RECURRENCE OF INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE ORAL MUCOSA IN POST-COVID-19 SYNDROME

2025-07-02T14:49:15+03:00

Purpose of the study. To assess the relationship of systemic immune inflammation by blood biomarkers – SII, AISI, SIRI and to determine the role of their levels in patients with oral manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome.Research methods. The study involved 83 patients (main group) who visited the dental department and had oral manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome with typical complaints of pain, bleeding gums, single or multiple erosions. Recurrent herpetic stomatitis was diagnosed in 51 patients, and chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis occurred in 32 patients. The control group included 35 patients with similar clinical characteristics without a history of COVID-19. Blood samples were collected for assessment of total and differential white blood cell count using a HEMIX-5 automated hematology analyzer (SFRI, France). The degree of systemic inflammation was assessed by calculating the systemic immune inflammation index SII, the total systemic inflammation index AISI, and the systemic inflammation response index SIRI.Scientific novelty. The study found that patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome had higher white blood cell count, along with higher neutrophil and monocyte counts than the control group. However, patients with post-COVID syndrome had lower white blood cell count compared to patients without a history of COVID-19.The parameters of the hematological screening revealed a high level of SII in patients with oral manifestations of post-COVID syndrome compared to patients without a history of COVID-19. The value of the AISI in patients with prolonged COVID-19 was 1.93 times higher than in the control group. The systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) in patients with prolonged COVID-19 is 59.1 % higher than in patients without a covid history.

STUDY OF BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF RAT ORAL FLUID IN THE ANTE- AND POSTNATAL PERIOD AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF THE USE OF A COMPLEX OF ODONTOTROPIC DRUGS

2025-07-02T14:54:17+03:00

Normal enamel mineralization and maintenance of oral- fluid homeostasis in the perinatal period largely depend on an adequate supply of macro- and micronutrients as well as vitamins. Deficiency of these nutrients increases the susceptibility of hard dental tissues to demineralization, leading to the early onset of dental caries. Aim of the study. To determine the effect of antenatal and postnatal administration of sodium fluoride, calcium glycerophosphate, vitamin complexes, and their combination on the biochemical markers of rat oral fluid, under conditions of a cariogenic diet.Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on 14 pregnant female rats and their 69 offspring. Sodium fluoride, calcium glycerophosphate, vitamin complexes, or their combination were administered to pregnant and lactating females. The offspring were maintained on the cariogenic Stephan diet for 30 days. A biochemical analysis of the oral fluid was performed in rats that received various odontotropic agents during the antenatal and early postnatal development period. Statistical analysis was performed using the STATISTICA 6.1 software with Student’s t-test. Results. Ante- and postnatal administration of odontotropic agents reduced protein content by 46–72 %, protease activity by 23–53 %, and ACP activity by 41–54 % compared with controls, whereas ALP remained unchanged. Ca2+ levels increased by 58 % (CaGP), 66 % (AV), and 106 % (combination); phosphate levels rose by 65–70 % in the CaGP, AV, and combination groups. The most pronounced protective effect was observed with combined NaF + CaGP + AV therapy. Conclusions. Ante- and postnatal administration of odontotropic agents suppresses inflammatory-destructive parameters (protein, proteases, ACP) in rat oral fluid, indicating attenuation of cariogenic activity. CaGP and AV individually, and especially their combination with NaF, significantly elevate Ca2+ and phosphate concentrations, thereby enhancing the remineralizing potential of oral fluid. Combined use of NaF, CaGP, and AV during critical developmental periods is an effective caries-preventive strategy and warrants further investigation to elucidate mechanisms of action and optimize prophylactic regimens.

EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF A THERAPEUTIC-PROPHYLACTIC COMPLEX ON PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN JAW BONE HOMOGENATES OF RATS UNDER CONDITIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL FLUOROSIS AND ORTHODONTIC INTERVENTION

2025-07-02T15:02:37+03:00

Excessive fluoride intake leads to fluorosis, accompanied by an imbalance in bone remodelling and damage to teeth and bone. Optimising preventive and corrective strategies for these disorders remains a pressing challenge in contemporary dentistry. Aim of the study. To evaluate the influence of a newly developed therapeutic-prophylactic complex (TPC) on phosphatase activity in mandibular bone tissue of rats subjected to experimental fluorosis and orthodontic loading. Materials and methods. Forty male Wistar rats (4 months old, 280 ± 14 g) were assigned to four groups (n = 10 each): (1) intact control; (2) fluorosis (60 days of NaF in drinking water, 10 mg F−/kg); (3) fluorosis + orthodontic tooth movement (OTM); and (4) fluorosis + OTM + TPC. Orthodontic loading was simulated by fixing a spring between the upper molars for 30 days. In group 4 the TPC was administered orally during the final 30 days. Acid (ACP) and alkaline (ALP) phosphatase activities ‒ markers of osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity, respectively ‒ were measured in homogenates of the alveolar bone. Statistical analysis was performed in STATISTICA 6.1 using Student’s t-test; p < 0.01 was considered significant. Results. Fluorosis increased ACP activity by 60 % and decreased ALP activity by 22 % versus intact rats, indicating enhanced bone resorption. Superimposed OTM further elevated ACP by 112.8 % relative to controls and partially increased ALP by 49.7 %. TPC administration reduced ACP activity by 49.0 % and raised ALP activity by 24.1 % compared with untreated animals, restoring the ALP/ACP ratio to control levels. Conclusions. Chronic fluoride intoxication and orthodontic loading in rats induce a pronounced imbalance in jaw bone remodelling – heightened resorption (increasedACP) coupled with suppressed osteogenesis (decreased ALP). The tested TPC significantly attenuates osteoclastic activity and stimulates osteoblastic processes under fluorotic conditions, normalising the mineralisation index of the alveolar bone. These findings demonstrate a marked osteoprotective effect of the complex and substantiate further investigation of its potential to prevent fluorosis- related complications during orthodontic treatment.

STUDY OF CHANGES IN INDICATORS OF ALVEOLAR BONE ATROPHY AND CARIES PROCESS DEVELOPMENT AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF STRESS MODELLING AND TREATMENT AND PREVENTION MEASURES

2025-07-02T15:25:22+03:00

Chronic psycho-emotional stress is recognised as a principal cause of metabolic destabilisation in bone and hard-tissue structures of the oral cavity, accelerating both dental-caries progression and resorption of the alveolar process. Accordingly, the search for effective preventive strategies capable of averting such lesions remains an urgent challenge in experimental dentistry. Aim of the study. To determine the effect of a therapeutic drug complex on the dentoalveolar system of rats subjected to prolonged acoustic stress. Materials and methods.The study included 27 male Wistar rats (2 months old), divided into three groups (9 animals in each): an intact group (Group 1), a group exposed to acoustic stress (Group 2), and a group with acoustic stress plus additional administration of a therapeutic-prophylactic complex (Group 3). The experiment lasted for 49 days. Stress was modeled using an ultrasonic repeller (30–65 kHz), operated 6 hours daily, with the combined addition of sound in the audible range. Animals in Group 3 received the therapeutic-prophylactic agents orally. The jaws were isolated for the calculation of dental caries and atrophy of the alveolar ridge of the jaws. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test (p < 0.01). Results. Rats exposed to chronic stress exhibited a 21.4 % increase in the number of carious cavities, a 27.5 % rise in lesion depth, and a 27.3 % increase in alveolar-bone resorption compared with intact controls. Daily administration of the TPC markedly mitigated these destructive changes: caries indices normalised to control levels, and alveolar atrophy decreased by 14.3 % relative to untreated stressed animals. Conclusions. The therapeutic-and-prophylactic complex demonstrated pronounced cariostatic and periodontoprotective effects under conditions of prolonged acoustic stress, underscoring its potential for further pre- clinical and clinical evaluation.

ASSESSMENT OF PESTICIDE-INDUCED CHANGES IN INFLAMMATORY MARKERS AND ANTIOXIDANT DEFENCE IN THE ORAL MUCOSA OF RATS USING A THERAPEUTIC AND PROPHYLACTIC COMPLEX

2025-07-02T15:43:26+03:00

Pesticide exposure resulting from the chronic intake of the synthetic pyrethroid α-cypermethrin triggers oxidative stress and sustains inflammatory reactions in the oral mucosa, thereby potentiating the cariogenic impact of a sugar-rich diet. The coexistence of these factors aggravates local biochemical disturbances, fostering an imbalance between the intensity of lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of the developed therapeutic and prophylactic complex on inflammation and antioxidant defence in the oral mucosa of rats under conditions of prolonged pesticide exposure and carcinogenic diet.Materials and methods. The experiment involved 40 one-month-old Wistar rats, which were divided into five groups: an intact group; a group receiving a cariogenic diet; a group administered α-cypermethrin orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg; a group subjected to both a cariogenic diet and α-cypermethrin; and a group receiving a cariogenic diet, α-cypermethrin, and the therapeutic-prophylactic complex. The total duration of the experiment was 2 months.Indicators of inflammation and antioxidant defence were determined in the oral mucosa by catalase activity.Research results. The joint action of α-cypermethrin and the cariogenic diet produced the most pronounced biochemical alterations: MDA increased by 57.3 % and catalase activity decreased by 34.3 % versus intact controls, while elastase and acid phosphatase activities rose by 29.3 % and 66.7 %, respectively. Administration of the therapeutic-prophylactic complex lowered MDA by 28.9 %, restored catalase activity to control levels and normalised both inflammatory markers. Conclusions.The developed therapeutic-prophylactic complex markedly attenuates the oxidative and inflammatory shifts in the oral mucosa induced by concurrent α-cypermethrin exposure and a cariogenic diet, highlighting its potential for preventing pesticide-associated cariogenic damage to oral tissues.

THE EFFECT OF PROTEIN-VITAMIN- MINERAL COMPLEX ON BONE CONDITION IN RATS WITH IMPAIRED BONE REMODELING BY ALIMENTARY DEFICIENT DIET

2025-07-02T15:53:17+03:00

Adherence to special diets during illness or treatment, or a conscious refusal to consume animal products in vegetarian diets, leads to a deficiency of vitamins, micro- and trace elements, lipids with essential fatty acids, and complete protein. This causes a shift in the processes of bone growth or remodeling towards resorption and the accumulation of low-mineralized bone tissue in the skeletal system. The lack of intake of essential substances is compensated for by adding complex medications to the diet. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of a therapeutic and prophylactic complex based on albumin and Orthomol Veg One containing vitamins B2, B6, B12, D3, micro elements Fe, Zn, Se and docosahexaenoic fatty acid on the condition of the rat femur with acute nutritional deficiency. Materials and methods. Male white rats aged 2 months were divided into three groups of 10 animals each: 1) intact, consuming a complete diet; 2) grain and vegetable diet (GVD) (corn grain, beets, cabbage); 3) GVD with the addition of a protein-vitamin-mineral complex (PVMC)(albumin, Orthomol Veg One) at a dose of 1,055 g/kg body weight.The duration of the experiment was 61 days. Animals were weighed weekly to calculate the weight of PVMC. At the end of the experiment, femurs were isolated and examined: density, content of mineral-organic complex of substances (MOC), mineral component (MC), organic component (OC), bone mass index Im. Results. With the consumption of GVD, body weight mass in rats was 2.51 times less, bone density was lower by 8.1 %, the content of MC was lower by 13.6 %, and the content of OK increased by 11.5 % compared to intact values. The total MOC content did not differ in the groups. Bone mass in all groups corresponded to body weight. The addition of PVMC to the diet of the GVD did not compensate for the lack of intake of these substances in rat organism, but effectively contributed to the maintenance of body weight at the level of 91,2 % of the intact index, bone density at the level of 97,9 %, and BMD – 91,1 %. Conclusions.PVMC stimulated the growth of body weight in rats and contributed to the formation of femur bone indices closer to those of the intact group than to those of the group consuming GV dietary without the addition of PVMC.PVMC without calcium can significantly increase femoral bone mineralization against the background of acute calcium deficiency in the diet.

FEATURES OF THE ANTIOXIDANT- PROOXIDANT SYSTEM AND INFLAMMATORY MARKER IN THE BLOOD SERUM OF RATS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF CHRONIC STRESS MODELLING AND TREATMENT AND PREVENTION MEASURES

2025-07-02T15:57:22+03:00

Chronic psycho-emotional stress provokes a persistent imbalance between antioxidant and pro-oxidant processes, leading to cellular damage and systemic inflammation. Optimising pharmacological correction of these disturbances remains a pressing issue in experimental and clinical medicine. Aim of the study.To evaluate the effect of a therapeutic complex of drugs on the parameters of the antioxidant-prooxidant system and inflammatory markers in the blood serum of rats under chronic stress modeling. Materials and methods.The study included 34 male Wistar rats (2 months old, body weight 140 ± 8 g), which were divided into three groups: an intact group (n = 10), a group with induced chronic sound stress (n = 12), and a group with induced stress followed by administration of a therapeutic- prophylactic complex (TPC) (n = 12). Over 50 days, the rats in the second and third groups were exposed to chronic sound stress using an ultrasonic pest repellent.In the “stress + TPC” group, the rats additionally received the therapeutic-prophylactic complex. Upon completion of the experiment, biochemical parameters of blood serum, were determined. Statistical processing was performed using STATISTICA 6.1 with Student’s t-test (p < 0.01 was considered significant). Results. Stress increased elastase activity and MDA by 26.3 % and 64.2 % respectively, reduced catalase activity by 23.1 % and decreased API 4.4- fold versus intact animals. TPC administration lowered elastase activity by 14.8 %, reduced MDA by 41.3 %, increased catalase activity by 20.0 % and restored API to near-control values. Conclusions. Chronic acoustic stress induces pronounced oxidative imbalance and inflammation in rats. The tested TPC exhibits significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy, restoring the functional equilibrium of the antioxidant–lipid peroxidation system under stress conditions.

USE OF THE SPLINT THERAPY FOR COMPLEX EXTRACTION OF THIRD MOLARS

2025-07-02T16:03:55+03:00

A clinical observation of patients who underwent splint therapy was conducted: the use of a standard blue T4A orthodontic splint 1 month before surgical intervention and during the post-surgery period for 2 months.Materials and methods. Surgical interventions for the complex extraction of third molars were performed in patients with orthodontic pathology and patients with chronic traumatic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint. All extracted teeth were displaced, impacted and caused discomfort to patients during the functional work of the dentofacial apparatus. 26 patients aged from 18 to 35 underwent complex extraction of third molars.The patients were divided into four groups: 1st group consisted of 10 men, 2nd group consisted of 10 women who underwent splint therapy before and after surgery; 3rd and 4th groups consisted of 3 men and 3 women not using splint therapy. All patients were under regular medical check-up for a year. At the same time, a comparative analysis of panoramic radiographs and diagnostic models of the jaws was performed in the studied groups before and 1 hour after the surgical intervention. Prior to surgical intervention 1 month before and after the complex extraction of third molars for 2 months, it was recommended to the patients to use a blue T4A standard orthodontic splint at night. Results. The research findings revealed significant differences in the dentition lengths in the patients under study before and after the complex extraction of third molars, as well as an improvement in their general condition on the part of the temporomandibular joint work. Changes in the occlusal relationships of the teeth of the upper and lower jaws during complex extraction of third molars contribute to the physiological rearrangement of the dental bite and functional changes in the temporomandibular joint work being very importantin the treatment of patients with chronic traumatic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint and orthodontic pathology in the form of frontal tooth crowding. Conclusions. The use of splint therapy before and after surgical intervention contributed to more persistent and pronounced functional changes in the work of the dentofacial apparatus, both during visual examination and during digital analysis.

X-RAY DIAGNOSTICS OF CERVICAL SPINE CURVATURE IN ORTHODONTICS

2025-07-02T17:00:17+03:00

The cervical spine holds the head’s weight and has the biggest range of movements in the whole spine.Postural disorders of the neck and head are one of the main causes of myofunctional disorders in the craniofacial region. The aim of the study. To analyze the existing radiological methods of cervical spine curvature assessment used in orthodontic practice. Material and methods of the study. To analyze relevant articles, a web search was conducted in electronic databases of medical publications on this topic. Outline of the main material. Changes in one segment of the spine can have consequences anywhere in the myofascial chain. Usually, low body muscle tone is characteristic of a forward head posture (cervical hyperlordosis and extension of the head).The spine has moderate physiological curves: cervical and lumbar lordosis, thoracic and sacral kyphosis.In orthodontic pathology, the curvature of the neck towards the face is usually pathological. To identify misalignment of the cervical column, lateral cephalograms of the head and neck are usually used. The most common methods for evaluating the sagittal alignment of the cervical spine are the Cobb angle C2–C7 and the sagittal vertical axis (SVA). The article describes the methods of measuring these indicators and others (Jackson’s physiological stress lines, Harrison’s posterior tangent method, cervical and cranial tilt angles). Conclusions. Despite the fact that cephalometric studies provide 2-D measurements, these X-ray methods are reliable tools for detecting the position of the cervical spine alignment in the orthodontist’s practice.

STRESS AND DYSFUNCTIONAL PAIN DISORDERS OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT IN WOMEN (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2025-07-02T16:37:30+03:00

Introduction. Information about the role of female sex hormones in the etiology of joint diseases in the literature is contradictory. Some studies have shown that estrogen is necessary for an intact TMJ structure. Women with temporomandibular joint dysfunction and pain disorders (TMD) exhibit a wide range of behavioral and psychosocial symptoms, including increased stress, anxiety, sadness, and somatization. The scores of some TMD syndrome personality traits, such as hysteria and depression, were only slightly lower compared to those of patients with psychiatric disorders, and even the severity of somatic symptoms of women with TMD was higher compared to patients with psychiatric disorders, suggesting that their psychological status was similar to patients with psychiatric disorders. Goal. Based on the analysis of literary sources, determine the relationship between psychosocial symptoms and dysfunctional pain disorders of the temporomandibular joint in women. The studies presented in the paper aimed to compare pain intensity, heart rate variability (HRV), psychological factors, and saliva cortisol levels in TMD patients and found that pain intensity and psychological distress in the TMD Group were significantly higher, and pain intensity showed a positive correlation with psychological stress.Materials and methods. Information search and analysis of scientific sources was carried out using scientometric databases Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar over the last 10 years. Conclusion. Consideration of psychological factors, including stress, is necessary during the examination of women with TMJ diseases, and the treatment of TMD should be multidisciplinary with the involvement of relevant specialists.

POSSIBILITIES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ORTHODONTICS, CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS. LITERATURE REVIEW

2025-07-02T16:42:20+03:00

Introduction. In recent decades, we have witnessed enormous changes in our profession. The emergence of new, more modern technologies in orthodontic treatment, the transition to a fully digital work protocol, new visualization methods – all this is being created and integrated so that clinicians have the opportunity to optimize the workflow and improve their methods of providing orthodontic care to patients. The use of artificial intelligence has grown significantly in recent years to improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnostics, and this knowledge is the basis for predicting treatment.However, the introduction of these technologies based on artificial intelligence does not change the fact that healthcare professionals, with their own knowledge gained through specialized education and years of experience, are the ones who ultimately have to make the diagnosis and choose the best treatment plan.Methodology and research methods. The purpose of the study is to analyze available sources of scientific and medical information devoted to the application of artificial intelligence in orthodontics. The included studies prove that artificial intelligence is a reliable tool that makes orthodontic treatment faster, more economical, more convenient, and more predictable. In dentistry, artificial intelligence has become popular over the past few decades, particularly in orthodontics, where it is needed for diagnosis, determining the need for treatment, cephalometry, treatment planning, treatment prediction, and orthognathic manipulations.Summary of the main research material. The latest technological innovations in orthodontics, including KPCT and 3D imaging, intraoral scanners, facial scanners, software capabilities for instant dental modeling, and new device developments using robotics and 3D printing, are changing the face of medical care and are rapidly integrating into dentistry. These tools allow for a better understanding of the patient’s anatomy and can create dynamic, patient-specific anatomical reconstructions, thus enabling 3D treatment planning.Conclusions: Despite the great potential of AI in orthodontics to make the diagnostic process more accurate and efficient, working with AI has not yet become a mainstream tool in everyday orthodontic practice. Although AI can increase diagnostic accuracy, it cannot completely replace human intelligence, but it can significantly improve treatment outcomes, increase cost- effectiveness and efficiency.

ANATOMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL FEATURES AND DETERMINATION OF TONGUE PRESSURE ON THE ADJACENT STRUCTURES OF THE DENTOGNATHIC APPARATUS

2025-07-02T16:46:46+03:00

Disruption of the force of tongue pressure on the surrounding structures of the dentofacial apparatus is considered a major factor in the etiology of pathological bites, but the details of the relationship not fully defined.Purpose of the study. To analyze specialized scientific literature to summarize data on anatomical and functional features and determine the pressure of the tongue on the adjacent structures of the dentognathic apparatus.Research materials and methods. The article analyzes and studies scientific national and foreign literature, which highlights the issues of anatomical and functional diagnostics of the tongue. Results and their discussion.The vast majority of scientists are inclined to believe that, despite its adaptive properties, the tongue plays a significant role in the formation of the dentognathic apparatus, and the relationship between the forces of the lips, cheeks, and tongue is of particular interest when planning orthodontic treatment. For diagnosis are used many methods and techniques. The right to review and use has any of them. Deserving attention of tongue pressure studies conducted using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument. In our view, the most accurate way to collect data is to measure the pressure of the tongue on the front, back, and sides of the oral cavity in a static position and during swallowing using electronic devices, but the method and location of attaching the sensors are important for the correctness of the results. Fixing of them even on ultra-thin individual overlays can distort the result.Diagnostics without stable fixation also isn`t the best decision, as the sensor may shift from the measuring point.The sensitivity of the device is also an important factor.Conclusion. Generated by the muscles of the tongue, lips, and cheeks the forces acting on the dentition mainly.They maintain the shape and stability of the dentition and influence teeth eruption. For the purpose of rational diagnosis and orthodontic treatment, it is advisable to define them and take into account correlations.The use of modern diagnostic electronic devices allows us to determine indicators in individual areas and predict the impact of tongue pressure on the adjacent tissues of the dentognathic apparatus, and if necessary, minimize negative consequences and prevent the formation of persistent forms of dentognathic deformations.

MODERN VIEWS ON THE TREATMENT OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES WITH MEDICINES PROLONGED ACTION

2025-07-02T16:52:50+03:00

The significant prevalence of periodontal tissue diseases indicates the insufficient effectiveness of existing methods and means of preventing and treating this pathology.Aim. To present and summarise the modern data of scientific literature on the treatment of periodontal diseases.Materials and methods. The study was conducted using the search platforms PubMed, Research Gate, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, DOAJ. The bibliosemantic method of researching publications on this topic over the past 5 years (2020–2025) was used.The results of the study and their discussion. Scientific research shows that bacterial infection plays a crucial role in the development of periodontal disease. However, modern studies indicate that in addition to microbial invasion, the development of pathological changes in the periodontal tissues, undoubtedly, depends on a number of concomitant factors.In the scientific literature, there are often studies that prove the high effectiveness of using gel medicines in the treatmentof periodontal diseases, which provides good fixation and prolongs the exposure time of the therapeutic agent in the affected area. Many experimental and clinical studies have shown that prolonged exposure to the medicines, provides a more effective anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect, as well as stimulation of the natural defence mechanisms of the oral cavity.Conclusions. Thus, analysing the results of our study, we can confidently state, that the problem of periodontal pathology remains relevant in modern dentistry, as it has a multiethiological nature. For this reason, the issue of prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases requires in-depth study and careful selection of methods and means of therapy. A study of the scientific works of a number of scientists has shown that medicines with prolonged action have a much higher therapeutic effectiveness.