CHANGES IN THE SIZE OF THE DENTAL ROWS DURING THE PROCESS OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH DISTAL BITE COMPLICATED BY ANATOMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS OF THE TONGUE

Abstract

Anthropometric methods for determining the size of the dentition make it possible to diagnose the topography and severity of morphological disorders in patients with components of the symptom complex of anomalies and deformations of the dentognathic apparatus in the sagittal, vertical and transverse planes, help to establish the final diagnosis, justify the optimal plan and timing of the patient’s treatment, and also assess the degree of changes that were achieved in each clinical variant. Purpose of the study. To determine changes in the transversal and sagittal dimensions of the dentition of the upper and lower jaws during orthodontic treatment of children with distal occlusion complicated by anatomical and functional disorders of the tongue. Research materials and methods. The subject of the analysis of changes in the transversal and sagittal dimensions of the dentition of the upper and lower jaws was patients (n=31) aged 5 to 12 years with distal occlusion complicated by anatomical and functional disorders of the tongue, who underwent treatment using removable (Mew, Schwarz, Flis P.S.-Filonenko V.V., Twin Block) and fixed (Marco Rosa) orthodontic appliances. Results and their discussion. Descriptive statistical characteristics of the transverse (MI, MMI) and sagittal dimensions (Sag) and the Front Gingiva (FG) index of the upper and lower jaws of patients with distal occlusion complicated by anatomical and functional disorders of the tongue before the start of orthodontic treatment with the use of orthodontic appliances and after the completion of the orthodontic treatment stage are presented. Additional analysis of the direction of individual changes confirms that the treatment effect for the transverse dimensions of the upper jaw is not only statistically significant on average, but also highly consistent at the individual level (all patients recorded an increase in both MI and MMI), the Sag index has a tendency to decrease, and the Front Gingiva (FG) index in most cases increases. The lower jaw is characterized by significant changes in the transverse parameters and the alveolar width index in the frontal region, while the sagittal index did not change significantly. Conclusion. Analysis of changes in sagittal and transverse anthropometric dimensions of the dentition of the upper and lower jaws during orthodontic treatment of children with distal occlusion complicated by anatomical and functional disorders of the tongue allows using a differentiated approach when choosing orthodontic structures for the treatment of dentofacial deformities, as well as establishing morphometric correlations and differences.