HYGIENIC CONDITION OF THE ORAL CAVITY IN PATIENTS WITH PERIIMPLANT LESIONS ON THE BACKGROUND OF GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS

Abstract

Peri-implant lesions are among the most common complications of dental implantation and are characterized by the development of inflammatory and destructive changes in the tissues surrounding dental implants. The aim. To assess oral hygiene status and analyze the structure of peri-implant lesions in patients with generalized periodontitis depending on disease severity and sex. Materials and Methods. A total of 39 patients with generalized periodontitis and dental implants were examined. According to the severity of the disease, patients were divided into three groups: generalized periodontitis grade I (n = 9), grades I–II (n = 17), and grades II–III (n=13). Each group was further subdivided according to sex. Clinical examination included assessment of periodontal tissue status, determination of the Green–Vermillion Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), O'Leary Plaque Control Record, Turesky Plaque Index, the Schiller–Pisarev test, and analysis of the structure of peri-implant lesions. Statistical analysis was performed using contemporary methods of variation statistics. Results. A significant deterioration in oral hygiene status was observed with increasing severity of generalized periodontitis. The lowest oral hygiene index values were found in women with grade I generalized periodontitis, whereas the highest values were recorded in men with grade II–III generalized periodontitis (p < 0.01). Analysis of the structure of peri-implant lesions demonstrated that the frequency of destructive peri-implant pathology increased with the severity of periodontitis. Peri-implant mucositis predominated in patients with milder forms of the disease, whereas peri-implantitis and implant disintegration were diagnosed more frequently in patients with severe generalized periodontitis. Conclusions. Deterioration of oral hygiene status is associated with increasing severity of generalized periodontitis and a higher frequency of severe peri-implant lesions. The most unfavorable oral hygiene parameters were observed in men with grade II–III generalized periodontitis, whereas the highest incidence of implant disintegration was found in patients with severe forms of generalized periodontitis regardless of sex.