INFLUENCE OF THE PERIODONTITIS STAGE ON THE FREQUENCY AND NATURE OF PERIIMPLANT LESIONS

Abstract

Generalized periodontitis is an important risk factor for the development of biological complications associated with dental implant placement. Determining the relationship between the severity of periodontitis and the condition of peri-implant tissues is essential for predicting the outcomes of implant-supported treatment. The aim. To assess the clinical condition of periodontal tissues and determine the frequency and structure of peri-implant lesions in patients with generalized periodontitis who have dental implants, depending on the severity of the disease. Materials and Methods. The study included 56 patients aged 40–75 years with generalized periodontitis who had 125 dental implants placed between 2020 and 2024 The patients were stratified according to the severity of generalized periodontitis and the presence or absence of peri-implant lesions. The clinical condition of periodontal tissues was assessed using periodontal indices. Periimplant lesions were diagnosed based on clinical and radiographic criteria in accordance with the classification of peri-implant diseases and conditions established at the 2017 World Workshop. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test. Results. A relationship was established between the frequency of peri-implant complications and the severity of periodontitis. In patients with Stage I periodontitis, the frequency of peri-implant complications was 11.5%, whereas in patients with Stage II disease it was 47.4%. In the Stage I group, the distribution of lesions included peri-implant mucositis in 2.3% of cases and implant disintegration in 9.2%; in the Stage II group, the corresponding rates were 10.5% for peri-implant mucositis, 21.1% for periimplantitis, and 15.8% for implant disintegration. The presence of peri-implant lesions was associated with more pronounced inflammatory and destructive changes in the periodontal tissues, reflected by increased PMA scores, bleeding intensity, periodontal pocket depth, and loss of epithelial attachment. With increasing severity of generalized periodontitis, higher levels of soft dental plaque accumulation and increased peri-implant pocket depth were also observed. Conclusions. In patients with generalized periodontitis who have dental implants, a clear association was established between the frequency and severity of peri-implant lesions and the severity of the periodontal disease. Increasing severity of periodontitis was accompanied by a higher frequency of peri-implant complications and more pronounced inflammatory and destructive changes in the periodontal tissues, supporting the need for thorough periodontal monitoring during dental implant treatment and subsequent follow-up.