CHEMICAL BURNS OF THE ORAL CAVITY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35220/2523-420X/2025.3.26Keywords:
caustic substances, chemical burns, oral cavity, diagnostics, treatmentAbstract
Problem statement. Chemical burns are a fairly rare variant of damage to the oral cavity organs. However, due to the resorption of the poison, they to some extent require a toxicological approach to treatment, are accompanied by a significant deterioration in the quality of life and persistent disability. Purpose of the study. Based on a fairly limited number of available domestic and foreign literary sources, to highlight the main etiological, diagnostic and therapeutic features of chemical burns of the oral cavity.Materials and methods of the study. Obtaining scientific literary information was performed using the information search systems Scopus, CrossRef, Google Scholar and PubMed and supplemented by a manual search of the articles used by the terms: oral trauma, chemical burns.Results and their discussion. Oral chemical burns (OCB) occur as a result of the effect on the oral mucosa of acids, alkalis or certain drugs. Caustic substances are present in everyday life, industry and practical dentistry. OCB cause more serious tissue damage than thermal burns, continuing to destroy tissues even after contact with the aggressive substance has ceased. The severity of damage to the oral mucosa depends on many factors, including the pH and concentration of the substance, their amount,duration of exposure and mechanism of action. Chemical burns can occur in any part of the mouth, but the mucous membranes of the lips and cheeks are most often affected.Chemical burns persist until the penetrated chemicals are inactivated. Regardless of the severity of the burn, appropriate treatment should take into account factors such as analgesia, infection control and acceleration of wound healing to restore the orofacial complex in a functional and aesthetically justified way. Conclusions. Chemical burns of the oral cavity are currently poorly understood; in children, they are mostly caused by insufficient care by parents and caregivers; iatrogenic chemical burns are the result of medical error or negligence; a significant proportion of chemical burns of the oral cavity require treatment in a poison control center.
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